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ZOOL 325 > Lab Quizzes > Flashcards

Lab Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the rostrum?

A

anterior tip of animal

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2
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the buccal cirri?

A
  1. to keep large particles from entering the pharynx
  2. contains taste discriminating elements
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3
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the pharynx?

A
  1. ciliated lining of the pharyngeal bar traps food particles and moves them dorsally towards the intestine
  2. removes excess water out of the body through the pharyngeal slit
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4
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the nerve cord?

A

component of the nervous system

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5
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the notochord?

A

makes the body more rigid

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6
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the eyespot?

A

frontal eye pigment that is a sensory organ for light intensity

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7
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what are the ocellus?

A

photoreceptors

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8
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the myomeres?

A

muscles for locomotion

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9
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the hepatic diverticulum and its function?

A

midgut cecum/diverticulum involved in the production of digestive enzymes
- homologous with liver or pancreas

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10
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the atrium?

A

body chamber that houses the organs

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11
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the atriopore?

A

water expulsion

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12
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the intestine/hindgut?

A

to digest food

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13
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the anus?

A

waste expulsion

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14
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of a wheel organ?

A

creates the vortex of water current into pharynx

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15
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the function of the epibranchial groove?

A

pathway for food particles to be transported from pharynx to gut

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16
Q

amphioxus (basal chordates): what is the endostyle and its function?

A

produces mucus lining of the pharynx to trap particles and binds iodine and produces iodine compounds
- homologous with the endostyle in urochordates and thyroid gland in higher vertebrates

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17
Q

adult tunicate: what is a tunic?

A

outer wall of the body

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18
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of an incurrent siphon?

A

take in water and food, which then travels to the pharynx

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19
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of an excurrent siphon?

A

expels water, waste, and fertilised eggs

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20
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of a pharynx with stigmata?

A

ciliated structures that creates water current and traps food particles

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21
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of the endostyle?

A

produces mucus lining of the pharynx to trap particles and binds iodine and produces iodine compounds
- homologous with the endostyle in urochordates and thyroid gland in higher vertebrates

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22
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of the intestine?

A

to digest food

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23
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of the anus?

A

for waste expulsion

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24
Q

adult tunicate: what is the function of the atrium?

A

houses the organs

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25
Q

larval tunicates: what is the function of adhesive organs?

A

to attach to substrates before retrograde metamorphosis

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26
Q

larval tunicates: what is the ocellus?

A

photoreceptor that is sensitive to light at various lumens

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27
Q

larval tunicates: what is the function of statocyst (otolith)?

A

organ that balances the body

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28
Q

larval lamprey: what is the oral hood?

A

anterior tip that encloses the buccal cavity

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29
Q

larval lamprey: what is the oral papillae and its function?

A
  • structure for sensory input
  • strain and filter particles
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30
Q

larval lamprey: where is the brain?

A

part of the nerve system that occupies the anteriormost position

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31
Q

larval lamprey: are the eyes functional?

A

no

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32
Q

larval lamprey: what is the pharynx and its function?

A
  • contains gill lamellae in the gill pouches for respiration
  • filter out food particles and pass them to the esophagus
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33
Q

larval lamprey: what is the function of gill pouches?

A

houses gill lamellae for gas exchange

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34
Q

larval lamprey: what is the function of the notochord

A

provide rigidity to the body

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35
Q

larval lamprey: where is the spinal cord?

A

posterior to the brain

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36
Q

larval lamprey: what is the subpharyngeal gland and its function?

A
  • produce mucus lining to trap particles, binds iodine, and produces iodine
  • homologous with the endostyle in urochordates and thyroid gland in higher vertebrates
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37
Q

larval lamprey: what are the myomeres?

A

locomotory muscles

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38
Q

larval lamprey: what is the hyperpharyngeal ridge?

A

moves food particles from pharynx to gut

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39
Q

larval lamprey: what is the gill lamellae?

A

where gas exchange takes place

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40
Q

what is the function of a placoid scale?

A
  • protect the body
  • reduce drag by enhancing the hydrodynamic of the body
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41
Q

what is the function of lissamphibian poisonous glands?

A

produce, store, and excrete toxic substances - defensive mechanism

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42
Q

what are the functions of lissamphibian mucous glands?

A

produce and secrete mucus to moisten integuments for gas exchange

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43
Q

what is the function of lissamphibian chromatophores?

A

produce colored pigments

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44
Q

what is the function of a snake scale?

A

reduce dehydration and external threats

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45
Q

what is the function of a snake chromatophore

A

produce pigments

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46
Q

what is the function of a chicken arrectores plumarum muscle?

A

to adjust the relative position of the associated feather

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47
Q

what is the function of a human sweat gland?

A

regulate body temp

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48
Q

what is the function of a human sebaceous gland?

A

produce oils

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49
Q

what is the function of a human arrector pilli muscle?

A

to adjust the relative position of the associated hair

50
Q

bones: what is the osteon?

A

basic units that form teh cortical layers of mammalian bone

51
Q

bones: what is the haversian canal?

A

tubular canals that house blood vessels and nerve branches

52
Q

bones: what is the lacuna?

A

space within the osteon that houses osteocytes

53
Q

bones: what is the cortical bone

A

compact bone

54
Q

bones: what is the cancellous bone?

A

spongy bone

55
Q

ossification: what is the resting cartilage?

A

cells are loosely organized, lots of space between them

56
Q

ossification: what is the proliferative zone?

A

cells are tightly organized in columns

57
Q

ossification: what is the hypertrophic zone

A

cells are in columns, increases as it moves away from the resting cartilage

58
Q

ossification: what is the calcified zone?

A

matrix tissues around the cells that receive Ca deposits -> hydroxyapatite crystals form

59
Q

ossification: what is the tidemark?

A

line that separates calcified and ossified zone

60
Q

ossification: what is the ossified zone?

A

cells are replaced by bone cells

61
Q

frog vertebral column: what is urostyle?

A

bony rod posterior to the sacrum

62
Q

bird vertebral column: what is the synsacrum?

A

fused posterior thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae

63
Q

bird vertebral column: what is the caudal vertebrae?

A

skeletal support of the tail

64
Q

bird vertebral column: what is the pygostyle?

A

fused caudal vertebrae and attachment site for rectrices

65
Q

bird vertebral column: what is the uncinate process?

A

bony prong that attaches to the posterior part of the vertebral ribs

66
Q

turtle: what is the carapace?

A

fused trunk and sacral vertebrae, vertebral ribs, and dermal bone

67
Q

turtle: what is the plastron?

A

fused sternum, ribs, and dermal bones

68
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the clavotrapezius?

A

function: protracts the humerus of the forelimb
homology: cucullaris

69
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the clavobranchialis?

A

flexes the forelimb of the elbow joint; pectoral fin abductor

70
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the acriomiodeltoid?

A

retracts the humerus and rotates it laterally; pectoral fin abductor

71
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the spinodeltoid?

A

retracts the humerus and rotates it laterally; pectoral fin abductor

72
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the acromiotrapezius?

A

adducts and stabilises the scapula; cucullaris

73
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the spinotrapezius?

A

retracts and pulls the scapular dorsocaudally; cucullaris

74
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the latissimus dorsi?

A

retracts and pulls forelimb dorsocaudally; pectoral fin abductor

75
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the pectoantebrachialis?

A

adducts the forelimb towards the sagittal plane; pfa

76
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the pectoralis major?

A

adducts the forelimb towards the sagittal plane; pfa

77
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the pectoralis minor?

A

adducts the forelimb towards the sagittal plane; pfa

78
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the xiphihumeralis?

A

adducts the forelimb towards the sagittal plane; pfa

79
Q

cat abdomen muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the external oblique

A

compresses the abdominal region; hypaxial muscles

80
Q

cat upper forelimb muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the triceps brachii?

A

extends the forelimb at the elbow joint; pfa

81
Q

cat upper forelimb muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of the brachialis?

A

flexes the forelimb at the elbow joint along with the biceps brachii; pfa

82
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of myomere?

A

basic unit of muscles

83
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of myoseptum?

A

connective tissue between myomeres

84
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of epaxial muscle?

A

flexion of trunk and caudal region

85
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of hypaxial muscle?

A

flexion of trunk and caudal region

86
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of levator palatoquadrate?

A

elevation of the palatoquadrate

87
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of spiracularis?

A

elevation of the palatoquadrate

88
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of adductor mandibulae?

A

elevation of the meckel’s cartilage

89
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of epihyoideus

A

compression of the gill pouches for ventilation

90
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of dorsal superficial constrictors

A

compression of the gill pouches for ventilation

91
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of cucullaris?

A

elevation of the suprascapular cartilage

92
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of pectoral fin levator?

A

elevation of the pectoral fin

93
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of intermandibularis?

A

elevation of the oral floor

94
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of ventral superficial constrictor?

A

compression of the gill pouches for ventilation

95
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of coracomandibularis?

A

depression of the lower jaw

96
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of common coracoarcuales?

A

assisting in the depression of the lower jaw

97
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of coracohyoides?

A

assisting in the depression of the lower jaw

98
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of coracobranchiales

A

depression of the lower jaw

99
Q

shark muscles: what is the function of pectoral fin depressor?

A

lowers the pectoral fin

100
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of rhomboideus?

A

adducts scapula medially; hypaxial musculature

101
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of rhomboideus capitis?

A

protract and rotate scapula cranially; hypaxial musculature

102
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of splenius?

A

elevate and rotate the head; epaxial musculature

103
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of levator scapulae ventralis?

A

protracts scapula cranially; hypaxial musculature

104
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of supraspinatus?

A

protracts humerus cranially; pfa

105
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of infrapsinatus?

A

abducts and rotates humerus laterally; pfa

106
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of teres minor?

A

assist in lateral rotation of humerus; pfa

107
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function of teres major?

A

retracts humerus and rotates it medially; pfa

108
Q

cat shoulder muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of serratus dorsalis?

A

cranial protracts ribs, caudal retracts ribs; hypaxial musculature

109
Q

cat deep back muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of mutifidus spinae?

A

extend and bend vertebral column; epaxial

110
Q

cat deep back muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of longissimus dorsi?

A

extends vertebral column; epaxial

111
Q

cat deep back muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of intercostalis externus?

A

protract ribs cranially; hypaxial

112
Q

cat deep back muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of intercostalis internus?

A

retract ribs caudally; hypaxial

113
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of rectus abdominus?

A

retract sternum and ribs, compress the abdomen; hypaxial

114
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of transversus costarum?

A

protract ribs cranially; hypaxial

115
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of serratus ventralis?

A

adducts and stablises scapula towards thoracic wall; hypaxial

116
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of scalene?

A

bends neck and protracts ribs; hypaxial

117
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of subscapularis?

A

adducts humerus towards sagittal plane; pectoral musclulature

118
Q

cat thorax muscles: what is the function and homology (in shark) of coracobrachialis?

A

adducts humerus towards sagittal plane; pectoral musclulature

119
Q

cat deep upper forelimb muscles: what is the function and homology (in sharks) of triceps brachii?

A

extends forelimb to elbow joint; pfa

120
Q

cat deep upper forelimb muscles: what is the function and homology (in sharks) of anconeus?

A

assist triceps to extend forelimb at the elbow joint; pfa

121
Q

cat upper forelimb muscles: what is the function and homology (in sharks) of epitochlearis?

A

assist triceps to extend forelimb at the elbow joint; pfa

ZOOL 325 (6 decks)

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