Lab Quiz Neurons Flashcards
Neurons
Basic functional units of nervous system that are highly specialized to transmit nerve impulses or messages from one part of the body to another.
Neuroglia
Serve the needs of neurons by bracing and protecting them.
Neuroglia of CNS
- Astrocyte-create blood/brain barrier
- Microglia-phagocytosis
- Ependymal cells-produce cerebrospinal fluid and help to circulate it
- Oligodendrocyte- produce myelin and wrap around axons
Neuroglia in peripheral nervous system
- Schwann cells- produce myelin and wrap it around axons
2. Satellite cells- provide structural support to neurons and regulate exchange of nutrients and waste to neurons
Saltatory conduction
Action potential leaping over parts of myelin sheath to move faster.
Dendrites
Recieving end of neuron.
Axon
Transmitting end of neuron.
Neuron
Transmits action potentials / impulses.
Nissl bodies
Elaborate type of rough endoplasmic reticulum that are involved in the metabolic activities of the cell.
Functional classes of neurons
- Motor neurons (efferent)- from brain/spinal cord to effectors (muscles/glands)
- Sensory neurons (afferent)- from receptor to brain/spinal cord
- Interneurons (association)- located in brain/ spinal cord; integrate info b/n sensory and motor neurons
Structural classes of neurons
- Multipolar- most motor neurons; dendrites attached to neuron attached to axon
- Unipolar- sensory neurons; dendrites attached to axon with neuron branching up from body of axon
- Bipolar- rare; found only in special sensory organs like eyes/ears; dendrites attached to line attached to neuron attached to axon.
Pyramidal cells are found where?
Motor cortex
Purkinje cells are found where?
Cerebellum
Epineurium
Connective tissue that covers a whole nerve.
Perineurium
Surrounds fascicles of nerves.
Endoneurium
Surrounds one neuron.
