Lab Quiz 5 Genetics

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

nuclear division, chromosomes redistributed to 2 daughter nuclei

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

reduction division, divides chromosomes in half–results in 4 haploid cells

Question 3

tetrads

Answer 3

group of 4 chromatids in meiosis 1

Question 4

crossovers

Answer 4

chiasmata, free ends of one maternal and one paternal chromatid wrap and exchange genetic material

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

barlike bodies of tightly coiled chromatin visible during cell division

Question 6

sister chromatids

Answer 6

2 identicle helices of replicated DNA held together by centromere

Question 7

homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

pairs of similar chromosomes–one from each parent, 23 in humans

Question 8

haploid

Answer 8

gamete (n)

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

normal cell or fertilized egg (2n), 46 in humans

Question 10

alleles

Answer 10

gene coding for same trait/same location on homologous chromosomes

Question 11

spermiogenesis

Answer 11

process of sperm formation from spermatid

Question 12

spermatid

Answer 12

immature sperm

Question 13

oogonium

Answer 13

diploid stem cell of ovaries, rapid mitosis during fetal period

Question 14

primary/secondary oocyte

Answer 14

squamous cells around oocyte become cuboidal cells, then stratified epithelium (secondary as soon as more than one layer

Question 15

oocyte

Answer 15

immature female gamete

Question 16

polar body

Answer 16

unequal cytoplasm division in female gametes

Question 17

fertilization

Answer 17

fusion of sperm and egg nuclei

Question 18

implantation

Answer 18

tropoblast adheres to endometrium

Question 19

heredity

Answer 19

traits passed parents to offspring

Question 20

genetics

Answer 20

.study of heredity and mechanisms of heredity

Question 21

dominant

Answer 21

allele masks or supreses the expression of its partner

Question 22

recessive

Answer 22

must be double to be expressed

Question 23

Punnett Square

Answer 23

diagram for specific trait to determine genotypes from mating parents of known genotypes

Question 24

homozygous recessive

Answer 24

2 alleles for same recessive trait, express recessive trait

Question 25

homozygous dominant

Answer 25

2 alleles for same dominant trait, express dominant

Question 26

heterozygous

Answer 26

2 different alleles for same trait

Question 27

incomplete dominance

Answer 27

heterozygote has phenotype intermediate to that of dominant and recessive–uncommon in humans

Question 28

sex-linked inheritance

Answer 28

genes on sex chromosomes, female has 3 genotypes, male has 2–no allele on Y chromosome to mask on on X

Question 29

phenotype

Answer 29

observable expression of genotype

Question 30

genotype

Answer 30

genetic makeup

Question 31

homozygous

Answer 31

same allele at one or more loci

Question 32

heterozygous

Answer 32

different alleles on one or more loci

Question 33

spermatogenesis

Answer 33

meiosis in testes producing haploid sperm

Question 34

spermatogonia

Answer 34

sperm stem cell 2n

Question 35

oogenesis

Answer 35

meiosis in ovary produces haploid ovum

Question 36

primary/secondary spermatocyte

Answer 36

2n meiosis 1 n meiosis 2 spermatid

Question 37

flagellum, acrosome

Answer 37

tail and head of sperm

Question 38

autosomes

Answer 38

22 pr homologous chromosomes common traits

Question 39

sex chromosomes

Answer 39

XY, determines gender

Question 40

gametes

Answer 40

sex cells