lab quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

phytophages

A

leaf eating insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

frugivores

A

fruit eating insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Monarch butterfly

A

feeds on milkweed. Produces milky sap which acts as skin irritant. Monarch butterflies consume this plant and then are poisonous to birds that eat them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simple random sampling

A

pooling all groups together and choosing number… for leaf experiment could have ended up with 15 leaves from tolmie and 5 leaves from uvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

dividing into groups first… then randomly selecting from those groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 ecological issues concerning the effects of herbivory

A

1) Herbivores at controlled levels vs outbreak levels
2) effects of herbivores on primary productivity
3) what factors control herbivores? ex. plant chemistry, food quality, defense chemicals etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pseudoreplication

A
  • treating samples that are not independent as independent samples… decreases validity
  • measuring leaves on trees, want to have an estimate population at each position… 2 leaves from the same trees and averaging isn’t good
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the confidence interval mean if it does not include 0

A

means there is a difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does it mean if the p-value is less than the alpha value

A

-there is evidence to reject Ho and lend support for Ha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does an alpha value of 0.05 mean

A

means that the p-value would have a 5% chance of error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pros of stratified random sampling?

A

-controls for other variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cons of stratified random sampling

A
  • when researchers can’t classify every member of a population into a subgroup
  • overlapping: when subjects fall into multiple subgroups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pros simple random samling

A

-easy and accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cons simple random samplihgn

A
  • pools all the numbers… samples that are way out of the normal range will deviate the results a lot…
  • doesn’t control for variables so much
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are gary oaks named after?

A

Nicholas Gary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where trees are Gary oaks found around

A

1) arbutus

2) Douglas Fir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why is variation in a trait important

A

for its ability to evolve thru natural selection

18
Q

how is the mean value useful

A

1) sometimes the best representation of a population

2) the mean can be used for comparing populations or samples

19
Q

What did Darwin say the reason for differences between species was

A

said that the differences we observe between species may arise from variation in properties within a species

20
Q

A bar graph of the numbers of whelks in each size class is called a ________

A

size frequency distribution

21
Q

what does a larger aperture size mean in whelks? and why?

A

larger foot… this is an adaptation to wave action

22
Q

What does a bigger foot mean in whelks

A

greater power of adhesion and therefore a whelk from a more exposed habitat should have a larger foot

23
Q

as predation pressure increases… what happens to the whelks

A

whelks will have thicker shell

24
Q

Different between transect and quadrat sampling

A

transect- any line marked at regular intervals

quadrat - framed area

25
Q

how to calculate shell aperture index

A

Ia = [ (∏ (L+w/4)^2)/h ]

26
Q

main factors that influence whelk morphology: sheltered vs. exposed habitat

A

Sheltered: predators
Exposed: Wave action

27
Q

Positively skewed data

A

Shampoo example: several caps were tightened much harder than they should be

28
Q

What does it mean when error bars overlap?

A

While the means APPEAR to be different, the difference is probably not significant

29
Q

Interval Bar

A

a vertical bar with horizontal endpoints of the 95% CI for the mean

30
Q

Standard error bar

A

a vertical line with horizontal endpoints at one or multiple standard errors

31
Q

Main difference between bar charts and histograms

A

the x-axis of bar charge represents a “categorial” variable. The x-axis on a histogram represents a continuous, “quantitative” variable

32
Q

Skewness and symmetry of…

A

you can only talk about skewness or symmetry of histograms… that is the tendency of observations to fall more on the low or the high end of the x-axis.

33
Q

when is a scatterplot used

A

when you have bivariate data (2 variables)

34
Q

What does linear regression attempt to do

A

attempts to model the relationship between the data

35
Q

Difference between line and point transects

A

line transects- recording of data is continuous

point transects- recording of data occurs at regular intervals and for a given duration at each point

36
Q

why are transects good

A

they are highly adaptable and efficient

37
Q

Random transect approach

A

starting points and directions at random

38
Q

Stratified random approach

A

starting points and directions at random BUT where each lies within an individual habitat stratum

39
Q

What are quadrants most appropriately used for

A

sessile animal or plant populations

40
Q

What do you have to decide before using quadrants

A

1) the # of quadrats
2) the size of the quadrants
3) the placement of the quadrats