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Environmental Geology > Lab Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Olivine (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • hardness: 6 (pretty hard)
  • no cleavage
  • brown/black (greenish)
  • brittle
  • opaque (not see-through)
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2
Q

Pryroxene (mineral)

A
  • brownish/black, green
  • brittle
  • 2 cleavages at 90
  • hardness: 5
  • nonmetallic
  • opaque (not see-through)
  • mineral
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3
Q

Amphibole (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • black
  • brittle
  • opaque (not see-through)
  • hardness: 6
  • 2 cleavages not at 90
  • mineral
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4
Q

Biotite (mineral)

A
  • Elastic
  • translucent
  • blackish
  • hardness: 3
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • mineral
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5
Q

Muscovite (mineral)

A
  • elastic
  • translucent
  • metallic
  • hardness: 1
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • mineral
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6
Q

Potassium Feldspar (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • 3/3.5 hardness
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • pinkish
  • brittle
  • opaque
  • mineral
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7
Q

Plagioclase Feldspar (mineral)

A
  • metallic
  • hardness 5.5
  • cleavages not at 90
  • brittle opaque
  • black and white (speckled)
  • mineral
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8
Q

Quartz (mineral)

A
  • 6-6.5 hardness
  • metallic
  • no cleavage
  • translucent
  • brittle (easy to break apart)
  • mineral
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9
Q

Calcite (mineral)

A
  • clear to yellow color
  • hardness 4
  • 3 cleavages not at 90
  • CHEMICAL REACTION (bubbles/fizzes)
  • mineral
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10
Q

Halite (mineral)

A
  • SALTY
  • hardness at 3
  • 3 cleavages at 90
  • brittle
  • translucent
  • clear/white in color
  • mineral
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11
Q

Gypsum (mineral)

A
  • SILKY
  • 0-1 cleavages
  • hardness 2 or less
  • clear or white (typically clear)
  • brittle
  • mineral
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12
Q

Graphite (mineral)

A
  • gray/black in color
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • can you draw on paper?
  • mineral
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13
Q

Magnetite (mineral)

A
  • MAGNETIC
  • black color
  • brittle
  • opaque
  • hardness 6
  • no cleavages
  • mineral
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14
Q

Hematite (mineral)

A
  • deep red/maroonish
  • mineral
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • hardness of 4
  • no cleavage
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15
Q

Galena (mineral)

A
  • SMELLS
  • mineral
  • grey color
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • hardness 2.5
  • 3 cleavages not at 90
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16
Q

Pyrite (mineral)

A
  • mineral
  • gold color/dark gray
  • FOOLS GOLD
  • sectile
  • hardness of 6.5
  • no cleavages
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17
Q

What does sectile mean?

A

the ability of a mineral to be cut into thin pieces by a knife

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18
Q

Igneous extrusive

A
  • no crystals (fine texture, too small to be seen)
  • fine; minerals you can’t see
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19
Q

What does aphanitic mean?

A

fine texture, crystals too small to be seen

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20
Q

Igneous Intrusive

A
  • coarse (you can see the minerals) texture
  • crystals can be seen
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21
Q

What is porphyritic?

A

igneous rock where the minerals are more than one size (extrusive and intrusive)

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22
Q

Tuff (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • pyroclastic
  • felsic-intermediate

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- biotite
- muscovite
- amphibole

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23
Q

Pumice (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • vesicular
  • felsic

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite

24
Q

Scoria (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • mafic
  • vesicular (bubbly)

Can be made of:
- pyroxene
-plagioclase feldsparar
- olivine (?)

25
Q

Obsidian (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • glassy
26
Q

Rhyolite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • aphanitic (fine-grained)
  • felsic

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite

27
Q

Dacite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • intermediate color
  • aphanitic (fine-grained)

Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz

  • looks very similar to greywacke
28
Q

Andesite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • intermediate
  • aphanitic (fine-grained)

Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite (?)
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz (?)
- pryroxene

29
Q

Basalt (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • mafic
  • aphanitic (fine-grained)

Can be made of:
- plagioclase feldspar
- pyroxene
- olivine (?)

30
Q

Komatite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • ultramafic
  • aphanitic (fine-grained)

Can be made of:
- olivine
- pyroxene
- plagioclase feldspar

31
Q

Granite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • felsic
  • phaneritic (coarse-grained)

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite

32
Q

Granodiorite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • phaneritic (coarse-grained)
  • intermediate

Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz

33
Q

Diorite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • phaneritic (coarse-grained)
  • intermediate

Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite (?)
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz (?)
- pryroxene

34
Q

Gabbro (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • phaneritic (coarse-grained)
  • mafic

Can be made of:
- plagioclase feldspar
- pyroxene
- olivine (?)

35
Q

Peridotite (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • phaneritic (coarse-grained)
  • ultramafic

Can be made of:
- olivine
- pyroxene
- plagioclase feldspar

36
Q

What does pyroclastic mean?

A

ashy texture; extrusive igneous

37
Q

What does vesicular mean?

A

bubbly texture; extrusive igneous

38
Q

What is a clastic sedimentary rock?

A

formed from fragments of preexisting rocks (often rounded & sorted)
- smoother texture than (bio)chemical

39
Q

What does conglomeratic mean?

A

a sedimentary clastic rock with grains >2mm

40
Q

Conglomerate (sedimentary rock)

A
  • grain is gravel-sized (and rounded)
  • igneous rock
41
Q

Breccia (sedimentary rock)

A
  • grain is gravel-sized (and angular)
  • igneous rock
  • clastic
42
Q

Quartz sandstone (sedimentary rock)

A
  • igneous rock
  • clastic
  • grains are sand-sized (well rounded and well sorted)
  • composed of quartz
43
Q

Arkose (sedimentary rock)

A
  • igneous rock
  • clastic
  • grains are sand-sized (angular but poorly sorted)
  • composed of quartz and feldspar
44
Q

Siltstone (sedimentary rock)

A
  • igneous rock
  • clastic
  • grains are too small to be able to identify the composition
44
Q

Greywacke (sedimentary rock)

A
  • igneous rock
  • clastic
  • grain is sand-sized (well rounded but poorly sorted)
  • composed of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, and clay
45
Q

Clay/mudstone (shale) (sedimentary rock)

A
  • sedimentary rock
  • clastic
  • grains are too small to be able to identify the composition
  • grayish color
46
Q

Limestone (sedimentary rock)

A
  • igneous rock
  • (bio)chemical
  • calcite
  • texture is variable, but it’s clastic to crystalline
47
Q

Slate (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: too small to be able to see
  • dull luster
  • very flat surfaces
  • denser than shale
  • foliated
48
Q

Phyllite (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: very small mica/amphibole
  • crystal alignment is wavy/subparallel
  • silky sheen
  • foliated
49
Q

Schist (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: mica (main), possibly also quartz
  • wavy alignment of individual crystals
  • thinly foliated
  • foliated
50
Q

Gneiss (nice) (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: felspar (main), possibly quartz
  • layers of fasic and mafic minerals
  • coarsely foliated
  • blocky fracture
  • foliated
51
Q

Quartzite (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: quartz
  • interlocking crystals
  • sugary appearance
  • massive characteristic properties
  • feels smoother than sandstone
  • non-foliated
52
Q

Marble (metamorphic rock)

A
  • dominant mineral: calcite
  • interlocking crystals
  • softer than glass
  • non-foliated
  • massive characteristic properties
53
Q

Folited vs. non-foliated

A

metamorphic minerals are commonly aligned (foliated, result of pressure) vs. not

54
Q

How are regional metamorphic rocks formed?

A

high temperature and pressure, under mountain ranges
- foliated

55
Q

How are contact metamorphic rocks formed?

A

when hot magma is injected into cooler rocks
- no-foliated

Environmental Geology (3 decks)

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