Lab Quiz #1 Flashcards
Olivine (mineral)
- nonmetallic
- hardness: 6 (pretty hard)
- no cleavage
- brown/black (greenish)
- brittle
- opaque (not see-through)
Pryroxene (mineral)
- brownish/black, green
- brittle
- 2 cleavages at 90
- hardness: 5
- nonmetallic
- opaque (not see-through)
- mineral
Amphibole (mineral)
- nonmetallic
- black
- brittle
- opaque (not see-through)
- hardness: 6
- 2 cleavages not at 90
- mineral
Biotite (mineral)
- Elastic
- translucent
- blackish
- hardness: 3
- 1 cleavage not at a right angle
- mineral
Muscovite (mineral)
- elastic
- translucent
- metallic
- hardness: 1
- 1 cleavage not at a right angle
- mineral
Potassium Feldspar (mineral)
- nonmetallic
- 3/3.5 hardness
- 1 cleavage not at a right angle
- pinkish
- brittle
- opaque
- mineral
Plagioclase Feldspar (mineral)
- metallic
- hardness 5.5
- cleavages not at 90
- brittle opaque
- black and white (speckled)
- mineral
Quartz (mineral)
- 6-6.5 hardness
- metallic
- no cleavage
- translucent
- brittle (easy to break apart)
- mineral
Calcite (mineral)
- clear to yellow color
- hardness 4
- 3 cleavages not at 90
- CHEMICAL REACTION (bubbles/fizzes)
- mineral
Halite (mineral)
- SALTY
- hardness at 3
- 3 cleavages at 90
- brittle
- translucent
- clear/white in color
- mineral
Gypsum (mineral)
- SILKY
- 0-1 cleavages
- hardness 2 or less
- clear or white (typically clear)
- brittle
- mineral
Graphite (mineral)
- gray/black in color
- sectile
- opaque
- can you draw on paper?
- mineral
Magnetite (mineral)
- MAGNETIC
- black color
- brittle
- opaque
- hardness 6
- no cleavages
- mineral
Hematite (mineral)
- deep red/maroonish
- mineral
- sectile
- opaque
- hardness of 4
- no cleavage
Galena (mineral)
- SMELLS
- mineral
- grey color
- sectile
- opaque
- hardness 2.5
- 3 cleavages not at 90
Pyrite (mineral)
- mineral
- gold color/dark gray
- FOOLS GOLD
- sectile
- hardness of 6.5
- no cleavages
What does sectile mean?
the ability of a mineral to be cut into thin pieces by a knife
Igneous extrusive
- no crystals (fine texture, too small to be seen)
- fine; minerals you can’t see
What does aphanitic mean?
fine texture, crystals too small to be seen
Igneous Intrusive
- coarse (you can see the minerals) texture
- crystals can be seen
What is porphyritic?
igneous rock where the minerals are more than one size (extrusive and intrusive)
Tuff (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- pyroclastic
- felsic-intermediate
Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- biotite
- muscovite
- amphibole
Pumice (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- vesicular
- felsic
Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite
Scoria (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- mafic
- vesicular (bubbly)
Can be made of:
- pyroxene
-plagioclase feldsparar
- olivine (?)
Obsidian (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- glassy
Rhyolite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- aphanitic (fine-grained)
- felsic
Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite
Dacite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- intermediate color
- aphanitic (fine-grained)
Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz
- looks very similar to greywacke
Andesite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- intermediate
- aphanitic (fine-grained)
Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite (?)
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz (?)
- pryroxene
Basalt (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- mafic
- aphanitic (fine-grained)
Can be made of:
- plagioclase feldspar
- pyroxene
- olivine (?)
Komatite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- ultramafic
- aphanitic (fine-grained)
Can be made of:
- olivine
- pyroxene
- plagioclase feldspar
Granite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- felsic
- phaneritic (coarse-grained)
Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite
Granodiorite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- phaneritic (coarse-grained)
- intermediate
Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz
Diorite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- phaneritic (coarse-grained)
- intermediate
Can be made of:
- amphibole
- biotite (?)
- plagioclase feldspar
- quartz (?)
- pryroxene
Gabbro (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- phaneritic (coarse-grained)
- mafic
Can be made of:
- plagioclase feldspar
- pyroxene
- olivine (?)
Peridotite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous)
- phaneritic (coarse-grained)
- ultramafic
Can be made of:
- olivine
- pyroxene
- plagioclase feldspar
What does pyroclastic mean?
ashy texture; extrusive igneous
What does vesicular mean?
bubbly texture; extrusive igneous
What is a clastic sedimentary rock?
formed from fragments of preexisting rocks (often rounded & sorted)
- smoother texture than (bio)chemical
What does conglomeratic mean?
a sedimentary clastic rock with grains >2mm
Conglomerate (sedimentary rock)
- grain is gravel-sized (and rounded)
- igneous rock
Breccia (sedimentary rock)
- grain is gravel-sized (and angular)
- igneous rock
- clastic
Quartz sandstone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock
- clastic
- grains are sand-sized (well rounded and well sorted)
- composed of quartz
Arkose (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock
- clastic
- grains are sand-sized (angular but poorly sorted)
- composed of quartz and feldspar
Siltstone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock
- clastic
- grains are too small to be able to identify the composition
Greywacke (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock
- clastic
- grain is sand-sized (well rounded but poorly sorted)
- composed of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, and clay
Clay/mudstone (shale) (sedimentary rock)
- sedimentary rock
- clastic
- grains are too small to be able to identify the composition
- grayish color
Limestone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock
- (bio)chemical
- calcite
- texture is variable, but it’s clastic to crystalline
Slate (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: too small to be able to see
- dull luster
- very flat surfaces
- denser than shale
- foliated
Phyllite (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: very small mica/amphibole
- crystal alignment is wavy/subparallel
- silky sheen
- foliated
Schist (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: mica (main), possibly also quartz
- wavy alignment of individual crystals
- thinly foliated
- foliated
Gneiss (nice) (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: felspar (main), possibly quartz
- layers of fasic and mafic minerals
- coarsely foliated
- blocky fracture
- foliated
Quartzite (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: quartz
- interlocking crystals
- sugary appearance
- massive characteristic properties
- feels smoother than sandstone
- non-foliated
Marble (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: calcite
- interlocking crystals
- softer than glass
- non-foliated
- massive characteristic properties
Folited vs. non-foliated
metamorphic minerals are commonly aligned (foliated, result of pressure) vs. not
How are regional metamorphic rocks formed?
high temperature and pressure, under mountain ranges
- foliated
How are contact metamorphic rocks formed?
when hot magma is injected into cooler rocks
- no-foliated
