lab quiz 1

Question 1

all laboratory safety information and policies

Answer 1

goggles, no eating or drinking, tie back hair, PPE, and clean work area before and after

Question 2

laboratory safety behavior and personal protective
equipment

Answer 2

goggles, gloves, lab coat, full length shirts and pants, closed toe shoes

Question 3

proper clean-up and handling procedures

Answer 3

do not return chemicals to container, ensure labware is clean

Question 4

how to clean labware

Answer 4

soft cloth, warm water and soap, rinse with distilled water

Question 5

How to dispose chemicals and non chemical substances

Answer 5

chemicals: contact local waste managment
non chem: wrap in paper towel or newspaper

Question 6

How to pick the best place in your home

Answer 6

Ventilated, non porous surface, uncluttered, near running water, heat tolerant surface
NO PLASTIC, WOOD, OR GLASS

Question 7

types of injuries and how to treat

Answer 7

Chem burns: flush skin with water and add baking soda, use first aid otherwise

Question 8

Safety Data Sheets, what they contain and how to find them

Answer 8

Includes Info: properties of chemicals, physical, health, and environment hazards; protective measures and safety

Question 9

where to find Safety Data Sheets

Answer 9

manufactures website or google

Question 10

How to pour agar plates

Answer 10

heat up agar in water covering 1mm above the agar in tube with lid slightly off. Heat till translucent and smooth surface.
pour evenly, let cool w/ top slightly off

Question 11

Addie Rerecich’s Case

Answer 11

Bacteria: MRSA, 2nd infection: caused by ECMO
cause: picking scab on playground
treatment: lung transplant
outlook: don’t know how long the lungs will last, everything is hard, takes pills, worried about bacteria

Question 12

David Ricci’s Case

Answer 12

Bacteria: NDM-1 enzyme produced by the bacteria
Cause: Train ran over his leg, lead to amputation
Treatment: daily surgery and colinstin
outlook: disease will never go away, it is just dormant in his body

Question 13

NIH in Maryland

Answer 13

Gene found: KPC
found in digestive system of animals
18 patients, 6 dead
couldn’t get rid of NIH
precautions: wear gloves, gowns, separated patients,created separate ICU, used robots, aseptic techniques

Question 14

Why do antibiotics become less resistant?

Answer 14

Overuse
Misuse
Not finishing prescriptions

Question 15

Why are there not a lot of antibiotics being produced

Answer 15

Antibiotic resistance is more common and they don’t want to spend $$ on creating new ones

Question 16

How many infections there are in the world and if that number is accurate

Answer 16

We don’t know, there is no uniform reporting mechanisms or data.

Question 17

Aseptic techniques

Answer 17

hand wash, 10% bleach clean surfaces, sterilize equipment

Question 18

What are the different cultures

Answer 18

Mixed Culture: contain many types of microbes
Pure culture: contains species of microbe
contaminated culture: unknown microbes are exposed

Question 19

Isolation techniques

Answer 19

streak plates

Question 20

Benefit of streak plates

Answer 20

dilutes microbes, easier to see morphology

Question 21

Shape of E. Coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, staphylococcus epidermis

Answer 21

all circluar, entire margin, convex, and small-moderate size

Question 22

Bacterial Morphology

Answer 22

coccus, bacillus, spirilla

Question 23

How do Cocci arrange together

Answer 23

Diplococci: daughter cells fail fully separate
tetrads: remain in groups of 4
sarcina: cubical packets, 8 cells-16 cells

Question 24

How do bacili arrange together

Answer 24

diplobacilli: end to end
streptobacilli: side by side

Question 25

Why do we stain bacteria

Answer 25

determine cell shape, size, arrangement, and identify structural components

Question 26

types of staining techniques

Answer 26

simple stain, direct stain, negative stain, differential stain

Question 27

what are stains

Answer 27

salts dissolved in a liquid (+ & - ions)

Question 28

what are chromophores

Answer 28

Colored ions: become colored depending on the composition of the solution

Question 29

How the basic stains interact with cells

Answer 29

Basic stain: cells surface
Direct stain: cells cytoplasm
acidic stain: repelled from cells surface

Question 30

fixation

Answer 30

kills bacteria with flame, also firmly affixes cells to slide

Question 31

Gram stain

Answer 31

1: crystal violet- dyes all bacterial cells
2: Iodine: mordant, reacts with crystal violet, allows dyes to better adhere
3: Decolorizer: dehydrates the gram positive cell wall, washes away dyes from the gram-negative bacteria
4: Safranin: has no effect on gram-positive bacteria; safranin causes gram-negative bacteria to become pink

Question 32

Binary fission

Answer 32

single cell splits into 2, asexual reproduction

Question 33

Exponential Growth

Answer 33

goes up with each generation

Question 34

viable plate count

Answer 34

30-300 gives accurate stats on how many # of organisms are in the culture

Question 35

dilution calculations

Answer 35

0.5 ml/ 5ml
dilution= volume of sample added/total volume (sample+dilutent)

Question 36

point of dilution

Answer 36

Know all microbes are in your OG sample, you take your viable count and multiply by the dilution of that sample (1,000-10,000 etc)