lab quiz 1

Question 1

what is the diastema

Answer 1

the space in between front teeth and back molars mostly in herbivores

Question 2

what is the purpose of the diastema

Answer 2

herbivores have the diastema so they can have space to pull back food like grass or tree leaves even while they are still chewing something they have not swallowed yet.

Question 3

madreporite

Answer 3

(starfish) pulls water into the water vascular system ring canal in order to be spread throughout the arms to go to the tube feet to allow the starfish to move.

Question 4

tube feet

Answer 4

are able to move the starfish around using the movement of water thanks to the water vascular system. also use to exchange gases so the starfish can breathe.

Question 5

operculum

Answer 5

hard covering of the gills that protects from any harm to the gills. the operculum can also open and close to allow water to pass through the gills so the fish can breathe.

Question 6

perch vs. sharks; how do they each get oxygen

Answer 6

perch have gills that allow water to pass through so they can get oxygenated blood to the rest of their body, they can take water in on their own. sharks must always be moving to be able to obtain oxygen they cannot intake on their own. sharks also have direct tubes to their brain and eyes so they can get oxygen there that much quicker.

Question 7

viviparious

Answer 7

live birth (humans)

Question 8

oviparious

Answer 8

laying eggs that hatch outside the body

Question 9

oviviparious

Answer 9

eggs hatch inside mothers body.

Question 10

function of caecum

Answer 10

the caecum temporarily stores food for the rat so bacteria can break down cellulose.

Question 11

why uterine horn instead of uterus

Answer 11

uterine horn allows mother to carry more babies and therefore have a higher change of more offspring

Question 12

how is food acquired and digested by sponges

Answer 12

water with nutrients comes in through ostium where nutrients are absorbed and then exits through the osculum.

Question 13

why do planaria have large gastrovascular cavities

Answer 13

because they do not have a digestive system they need large gastrovascular cavities to allow for diffusion of nutrients to the rest of the body

Question 14

How do planaria get rid of undigested food

Answer 14

they do not have a second orfice (one opening for mouth + anus) so any undigested food goes back through where it came in.

Question 15

how do hydra digest prey

Answer 15

in their gastrovascular cavity they secrete cells that break down the prey and “mush” it up so nutrients can be absorbed

Question 16

how does hydra catch its prey

Answer 16

by stinging their prey with their tentacles that have a chemical released that paralyze the hydras prey. they will then use their tentacles to pull their prey into their gastrovascular cavity (they cannot swim)

Question 17

how do earthworms move to get around

Answer 17

they use propulsion to drive themselves through the dirt.

Question 18

how do planaria get around

Answer 18

planaria are freshwater - so they ca glide to get through the water

Question 19

are grasshoppers dioecious or hermaphroditic

Answer 19

dioecious, they cannot be two genders at once

Question 20

compare/contrast segmentation of annelids and grasshoppers

Answer 20

annelids whole bodies are segmented, where as grasshoppers only have parts where they are segmented.

Question 21

crop:

Answer 21

stores food that the bird has eaten before digestion

Question 22

proventriculus

Answer 22

chemically breaks down the food that the bird has eaten using enzymes secreted

Question 23

gizzard

Answer 23

mechanically breaks down the food into smaller pieces to be fully digested.

Question 24

sori

Answer 24

under the leaves of the sori plant are groups of sporangia that occur during the sporophyte generation of plants. sporangia are diploid because they create spores

Question 25

female moss

Answer 25

archegonia, have a stand up look with eggs in their strings

Question 26

male moss

Answer 26

antheridium, have a barstool look with their strings flopping down

Question 27

sporophyte

Answer 27

second generation, will come from the gametophyte and will later produce spores, these sporophytes are diploid

Question 28

gametophyte

Answer 28

haploid because they are not creating offspring later in life, but they will have a sporophyte grow out of them

Question 29

meristem

Answer 29

notch that forms in the gametophyte where a diploid gametophyte will then grow out of.