lab quiz 1 Flashcards
what is the diastema
the space in between front teeth and back molars mostly in herbivores
what is the purpose of the diastema
herbivores have the diastema so they can have space to pull back food like grass or tree leaves even while they are still chewing something they have not swallowed yet.
madreporite
(starfish) pulls water into the water vascular system ring canal in order to be spread throughout the arms to go to the tube feet to allow the starfish to move.
tube feet
are able to move the starfish around using the movement of water thanks to the water vascular system. also use to exchange gases so the starfish can breathe.
operculum
hard covering of the gills that protects from any harm to the gills. the operculum can also open and close to allow water to pass through the gills so the fish can breathe.
perch vs. sharks; how do they each get oxygen
perch have gills that allow water to pass through so they can get oxygenated blood to the rest of their body, they can take water in on their own. sharks must always be moving to be able to obtain oxygen they cannot intake on their own. sharks also have direct tubes to their brain and eyes so they can get oxygen there that much quicker.
viviparious
live birth (humans)
oviparious
laying eggs that hatch outside the body
oviviparious
eggs hatch inside mothers body.
function of caecum
the caecum temporarily stores food for the rat so bacteria can break down cellulose.
why uterine horn instead of uterus
uterine horn allows mother to carry more babies and therefore have a higher change of more offspring
how is food acquired and digested by sponges
water with nutrients comes in through ostium where nutrients are absorbed and then exits through the osculum.
why do planaria have large gastrovascular cavities
because they do not have a digestive system they need large gastrovascular cavities to allow for diffusion of nutrients to the rest of the body
How do planaria get rid of undigested food
they do not have a second orfice (one opening for mouth + anus) so any undigested food goes back through where it came in.
how do hydra digest prey
in their gastrovascular cavity they secrete cells that break down the prey and “mush” it up so nutrients can be absorbed
how does hydra catch its prey
by stinging their prey with their tentacles that have a chemical released that paralyze the hydras prey. they will then use their tentacles to pull their prey into their gastrovascular cavity (they cannot swim)
how do earthworms move to get around
they use propulsion to drive themselves through the dirt.
how do planaria get around
planaria are freshwater - so they ca glide to get through the water
are grasshoppers dioecious or hermaphroditic
dioecious, they cannot be two genders at once
compare/contrast segmentation of annelids and grasshoppers
annelids whole bodies are segmented, where as grasshoppers only have parts where they are segmented.
crop:
stores food that the bird has eaten before digestion
proventriculus
chemically breaks down the food that the bird has eaten using enzymes secreted
gizzard
mechanically breaks down the food into smaller pieces to be fully digested.
sori
under the leaves of the sori plant are groups of sporangia that occur during the sporophyte generation of plants. sporangia are diploid because they create spores
female moss
archegonia, have a stand up look with eggs in their strings
male moss
antheridium, have a barstool look with their strings flopping down
sporophyte
second generation, will come from the gametophyte and will later produce spores, these sporophytes are diploid
gametophyte
haploid because they are not creating offspring later in life, but they will have a sporophyte grow out of them
meristem
notch that forms in the gametophyte where a diploid gametophyte will then grow out of.
