Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio! > lab practical exam 12/6/23 > Flashcards

lab practical exam 12/6/23 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where are autosomal characteristics carried?

A

Chromosomes #1-#22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are sex linked traits carried?

A

In 23rd pair - X and Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify Karyotype for Normal Male

A

One X
One Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify Karyotype for Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A

Male with one additional x chromosome (XXY).
- testes underdeveloped, enlarged breasts
-long limbs
- sparse body hair
- learning disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Identify Karyotype for Triple-X/Poly-X Syndrome

A

Female with 3 chromosomes,
- webbed neck, short stature
- low intellectual capabilities
- underdeveloped gonadal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Identify Karyotype for Jacob’s Syndrome

A

Male has extra Y chromosome from father
- no physical or intellectual effects shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Identify Karyotype for Down Syndrome

A

Extra 21st chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If individual is homoz. dom. (PP), or heteroz. (Pp), what characteristics will be shown in the phenotype?

A

Dominant Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Would you expect a dominant trait to be the most common in a pop? Why?

A

NOT ALWAYS TRUE. Natural selection might give advantage + Founder effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Founder effect?

A

A few individuals start a new population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Phenotypic ratio given Genotypic ratio:
G = 1AA:2Aa:1aa

A

3 purple, 1 white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Predictions based off Genotypic Ratio:
1AA:2Aa:1aa

A

25% 1/4 homozy. dom (purple)
50% 2/4 heterozy. (purple)
25% 1/4 homozy. rec. (white)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE? Sex chromosomes only carry genes that relate to the sexual characteristics or functions of an individual

A

FALSE. Many disorders considered linked to the X chromosome –> hemophilia, color blindness, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

X^BX^b

A

carries gene (bio female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X^bX^b

A

is colorblind (bio female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

X^bY

A

is colorblind (bio male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are X linked traits inherited different in males and females

A
  • males present more, females carry
  • color blindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy are genes linked on the X chromosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does a pedigree indicate phenotypes or genotypes?

A

PHENOTYPES (genotypes to some extent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Determine possible blood types for Jack and Susan’s children.

Jack’s Blood Type: O
Susan’s Blood Type: A

A

AO, AO, OO, OO
AO, AO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up a nucleotide of DNA

A
  • phosphate group
  • pentose sugar (deoxyribose)
  • nitrogenous base (contains hydrogen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sides of a DNA strand:

A

sugar & phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Rungs of DNA:

A

base pairs (A+T), (G+C) held together by hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Complimentary DNA Strand:
3’ TAC GCG ATA ATC 5’

A

5’ ATG CGC TAT TAG 3’

24
Q

Replication:

A

DNA is used to make more DNA

25
Q

Transcription:

A

DNA is used to make RNA

26
Q

Translation:

A

RNA is used to make amino acid sequence

27
Q

Transformation:

A

Changing genes of bacteria through uptake of new DNA

28
Q

Gel electrophiles:

A

Techniques used to separate fragments of DNA by size and create DNA profiles

29
Q

(gel electrophiles) negatively charged DNA migrates…

A

toward the positive pole

30
Q

(gel electrophiles) larger fragments move _______, smaller fragments move ______.

A

slower
faster

31
Q

On what basis does gel electrophiles separate molecules?

A

size and charge!

32
Q

What makes molecules migrate in gel electrophoresis?

A

Electricity

33
Q

of strands?

DNA Structure:
Sugar?
Bases?
Number of strands?

A
  • deoxyribose
  • ATGC
  • 2
34
Q

RNA Structure:
Sugar?
Bases?
Number of strands?

A
  • Ribose
  • AUGC
  • 1
35
Q

What is a codon?

A

block of 3 DNA nucleotides corresponding to an amino acid

36
Q

What organelle is associated with translation?

A

Ribosomes are the organelle in translation that requires reaction with mRNA and tRNA to create proteins

37
Q

Function of tRNA molecules?

A

carry amino acids to the ribosome for building polypeptide chain

38
Q

transcribe DNA code to mRNA:
DNA - 3’ TAC GCG ATA ATC 5’

A

RNA - 5’ AUG CGC UAU UAG 3’

39
Q

Components necessary for translation process carried by tRNA

A

anticodon & amino acid

40
Q

what is an anticodon?

A

3 bases on tRNA that are complimentary to a codon

41
Q

CELL ISOLATION
Cell extract (strawberry)

A

source of DNA

42
Q

CELL ISOLATION
SDS (detergent)

A

broke down cell membranes, releasing DNA into the tube

43
Q

CELL ISOLATION
Ethanol

A

attracted DNA, separated DNA out

44
Q

Cytochrome C protein, isoelectronic point?

A

10.2

45
Q

Myoglobin protein, isoelectronic point?

A

7.2

46
Q

Hemoglobin protein, isoelectronic point?

A

6.8

47
Q

Serum albumin protein, isoelectronic point?

A

4.8

48
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small, circular, double stranded DNA molecules in a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA
- can replicate independently
- may benefit survival of organism (ex. antibiotic resistance)

49
Q

What human hormone has been produced through bacterial transformation technology?

A

Insulin

50
Q

BACTERIA LAB
During the transformation procedure, what gene(s) did the plasmid contain?

A

pGLO & AMP resistance

51
Q

BACTERIA LAB
How would the transformed genes be beneficial to E. Coli?

A

The ampicillin resistance gene allows us to select which cells have been transformed based on the growth in the antibiotic AMP.

52
Q

Evolution?

A

Change over time.
(Charles Darwin)

53
Q

How does the evolution explain both the unity and the diversity of life?

A

evolution has started with a single common ancestor that unifies life on Earth and diversified it into a wide variety of species

Bio! (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions