Lab Practical

Question 1

What is the allelic frequency equation?

Answer 1

p + q = 1

Question 2

What is the genotypical frequency equation?

Answer 2

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 3

What are the five Hardy Weinberg assumptions?

Answer 3

1. No genetic drift (Random Mutations)
2. No immigration or emigration
3. Large population size
4. Random Mating
5. No natural selection

Question 4

What happens when one of the Hardy Weinberg Principles is not met?

Answer 4

The population is evolving

Question 5

Define microevolution

Answer 5

Evolution within a species over a short period of time

Question 6

Define gene pool

Answer 6

Genes available in a population

Question 7

Define allele

Answer 7

Part of a gene that determines an organism’s phenotype

Question 8

Define genotype

Answer 8

Genetic representation of physical attributes

Question 9

Define phenotype

Answer 9

Physical representation of genetic makeup

Question 10

Define genetic drift

Answer 10

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population

Question 11

Define founder effect

Answer 11

When a small group of organisms moves away and then creates a new population in a different area, resulting in less genetic diversity

Question 12

Define bottleneck effect

Answer 12

When a population drops but the resulting population reproduces and the population becomes large again, resulting in less genetic diversity

Question 13

Define Biological Species Concept

Answer 13

Organisms have to be able to create fertile offspring with each other in order to be in the same species

Question 14

Define Morphological Species Concept

Answer 14

The organisms need to look like each other in order to be in the same species

Question 15

Define Phylogenetic Species Concept

Answer 15

The organisms are grouped into species based on how genetically related they are to each other. Only need genetic material for this concept to be beneficial

Question 16

Define phylogenetics

Answer 16

The study of evolutionary relationships

Question 17

Define cladistics

Answer 17

The more physical attributes two organisms share, the more recently they branched off from one another

Question 18

Define phylogeny

Answer 18

A diagram that illustrates evolutionary relationships

Question 19

Define apomorphy

Answer 19

A new characteristic

Question 20

Define synapomorphy

Answer 20

A group of apomorphies (new characteristics)

Question 21

Define plesiomorphy

Answer 21

An ancestral character trait

Question 22

Define symplesiomorphy

Answer 22

A group of plesiomorphies (ancestral character traits)

Question 23

Define parsimony

Answer 23

The simplest scientific explanation for evolutionary relationships (less homoplasies)

Question 24

Define a monophyletic group

Answer 24

A group of organisms including their common ancestor

Question 25

Define a paraphyletic group

Answer 25

A group of organisms with one organism left out but its common ancestor still present

Question 26

Define polyphyletic group

Answer 26

A common ancestor is not included in the group

Question 27

Define a homologous character

Answer 27

A character structurally similar to another organism but structurally different

Question 28

Define homoplasy

Answer 28

When a trait is not derived from the most recent common ancestor, but it is present farther back

Question 29

Define archipelago

Answer 29

A grouping of islands

Question 30

Define autoecology

Answer 30

How an organism interacts with other organisms and its environment

Question 31

Define biogeography

Answer 31

How the abundance of organisms and their evolution is based on the geography

Question 32

Define Competitive Exclusion Principle

Answer 32

Two organisms fight for the same resource before one eventually wins