Lab practical 2

Question 1

In the photosynthesis lab, what was ppm (parts per million) measuring?

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

What happened when the lamp was turned on over the leaf?

Answer 2

The light reactions could take place producing ADP and NADPH for the Calvin Cycle

Question 3

What happened when the lamp was turned off over the leaf?

Answer 3

The Calvin Cycle shut down immediately.

Question 4

At first, it took 4.5 mins for the CO2 level to drop from 402ppm to 382 ppm. The second time the lamp was turned on, it only took 41s. Why?

Answer 4

There was a build-up of RuBP in the chloroplasts ready to go.

Question 5

What were some ways by which certain pigments were extracted from a leaf?

Answer 5

Hot water bath, hot ethanol bath, (cold water:no extraction)

Question 6

Name the phase: Chromosomes condense, spindle begins to form

Answer 6

Prophase

Question 7

Name the phase: Nuclear envelope disassembles, spindle continues to form, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

Answer 7

Prometaphase

Question 8

Name the phase: Spindle apparatus fully formed, spindle fibers attached to centromere, chromosomes aligned to equator.

Answer 8

Metaphase

Question 9

Name the phase: Centromere divides, sister chromatids move apart to respective poles.

Answer 9

Anaphase

Question 10

Name the phase: Chromosomes have reached respective poles and uncoil, nuclear envelope begins to reform, nucleolus visible

Answer 10

Telophase

Question 11

During telophase, a cell plate forms at the equator separating the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells.

Answer 11

Cytokinesis

Question 12

For the DNA fingerprinting lab, what method was used to make multiple copies of a piece of DNA.

Answer 12

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Question 13

What restricts certain base pair sequences to help us differentiate between different DNA samples?

Answer 13

Restriction enzymes (EcoR1, Sal1)

Question 14

Using this method, the DNA sample is mixed with a loading dye and pipeted into wells. An electric current causes the negatively charged DNA molecules to migrate through the gel toward a positive terminal.

Answer 14

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Question 15

True/False: With the Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, smaller molecules migrate faster than larger molecules.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Male or Female: this fruit fly has a slightly larger body size, the tip of the abdomen is lighter, striped and more pointed

Answer 16

Female Fruit Fly

Question 17

Male or Female: this fruit fly is slightly smaller in body size, has a dark abdomen at the tip, and has sex combs on the uppermost joint of the forelegs

Answer 17

Male Fruit Fly

Question 18

True or False: autosomal traits affect gender equally, but sex-linked traits affect based on gender.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Based on genotypic/phenotypic ratios, we can estimate an expected outcome for offspring. If the actual percentages don’t quite match, what would explain this?

Answer 19

Small sample size, error in separation (male vs. female)

Question 20

In the white environment, which phenotype (white, brown, black) had the highest level of fitness?

Answer 20

White

Question 21

Does the environment play a role in determining which traits are most fit?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Does the frequency of each allele change in the white (black or brown) environment over time?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Did evolution occur in these populations?

Answer 23

According to the definition, the most fit heritable trait is passed on and increases in the population over time.