Lab Practical #2 Flashcards
Two characteristics of Fungi
absorptive heterotrophs, and have chitin in their cell walls.
Mode by which fungi absorb energy and nutrients
mutualism with a plant partner
parasite on an animal
predatory on an animal
saprobe on a dead organic material
What clade are unicellular yeasts found in?
Club Fungi
Sac Fungi
Zygospore Fungi
A fungus with septate hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?
Club Fungi
Sac Fungi
A fungus with a coenocytic hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Chytrid fungi
Zygospore fungi (zygomycota)
Microsporidia
members are minute, intracellular parasites.
Chytrids
only fungi with flagellated cells in their life cycle
Zygospore fungi
have only one diploid cell in their entire life cycle
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
appear to reproduce be asexual means only
Sac fungi
- group containing the largest number of species
- produce sexual spores internally in sacs called asci
Club fungi
produce sexual spores externally on structures called basidia
Are the hyphae of Rhizopus (black bread mold) septate or coenocytic?
Septate
What is the only diploid cell in the life cycle of a zygospore fungus called?
zygosporangium
A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a …
plant root
Why are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi somtimes referred to as ednomycorrhizae?
The hypahe penetrates the the cell wall but not the plasma membranes
Sac fungi produce sexual spores called … that are housed in …
ascospores … asci
How many spores are typically found in each sac of asci?
8
Club fungi produce sexual spores called …. that are borne on stalks called …
basidospores … basidia
How many basidospores are on each stalk?
4
What are the fruiting structures of sac fungi known as?
ascomata
Club fungi fruiting spores are called?
basidiomata
A lichen is formed by a symbiotic relationship of what?
cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae
Arbuscular clade
Puffballs
Toadstools
Yeasts
Club Fungi
Coprinus mushroom
Yeasts
Smuts
Sac Fungi
Molds
Zygospore Fungi
Rhizopus fungus
Yeasts
What do fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals have in common?
flagellated cells
The animals are often described as being “eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs.’’ What does this mean?
More than 1 eukaryotic cell, cannot make their own food
Approximately ___% of all animals are vertebrates?
55
What two groups exhibit radial symmettry and have a body consisting of two layers?
Porifera
Cnidarian
Most spores exhibit what kind of symmetry?
Asymmetrical
Cnetophorese are often referred to as “comb jellies.” To what does the phrase “comb jelly” refer.
Ciliated plates
Cnetphores exhibit what kind of symmetry?
Radial
Sea anemones and corals belong to what phylum?
Cnidaria
Cnidarians have what symmetry?
Radial
What is unique with regard to the cnidarians?
Contain special cells called cnidocytes which contain stinging cells called nematocysts
What are the two layers found in the membrane of the Cnidaria?
Epidermis
Gastrodermis
What is the name of the jelly-like layer that seperates the two layers of Cnidaria?
Mesoglea
Choanocytes
line water channels and function to filter small food particles from the water.
Amoebocytes
secrete a skeleton consisting of spicules and/or organic fibers
Scypha/Grantia is classified as a calcareous sponge, therefore it’s spicules are made of …
Calcium carbonate
In Japan what might you receive as a wedding present?
Eeuplectella
What is unique about the cnetophores?
One species incorporates stinging cells of its jellyfish prey for its own defense.
Obelia has two different types of polyps, what are they?
Hydranth (feeding polyp)
Goangium (reproductive poly)
What major characteristics are shared by all ecdysozoans?
-external covering cuticle or exoskeleton, which is secreted by the epidermis
Cuticle
allows transport of gas, minerals, and water across
Exoskeleton
- composed of protein and chitin, waterproof polysaccharide.
- provides protection and support, no gas exchange.
- hampers locomotion
Exoskeleton of arthropods are composed of … and …., a complex polysaccharide.
Protein
Chitin
What type of symmetry does nematodes and arthropods have?
Bilateral
What type of body cavity do the nematodes have?
Psuedocoelom
Arthropods have a modified coelom in which blood and body fluids mix. This type of body cavity is known as a
Hemocoel
Three characteristics that contributed to the success of the arthropods
- segmented body
- jointed appendages
- hard exoskeleton
What phylum do the roundworms belong to?
nematoda
Chelicerata
Horseshoe crab
Spider
Tick
Crustacea
Alaskan king crab
Crayfish
Gooseneck barnacle
Rock shrimp
Hexapoda
Roach
Myriapoda
Millipede
Pseudocoelom
Body cavity that is partially lined w/ mesoderm
Coelom
completely enclosed in mesoderm
An example of an animal that has a coelom
Brachiopodia
Two parasitic nematodes you looked at in lab
Hookworms
Roundworms
What does an open circulatory system mean?
A muscular heart pumps blood through open-ended blood vessels into a hemocoel where the tissues are bathed with blood directly.
Two characteristics that distinguish the crustaceans from other arthropods
- Two pair of antennae
- mouthparts
Groups that have mandibles
Crayfish
Beetle
Millipede
Groups that have chelicerate
Tarantula
Scorpion
Horseshoe crab
Celicerate
Black widow spider Centipede Dog tick Horseshoe crab Mexican red knee tarantula Scorpion
Crustacean
Crayfish
Gooseneck barnacle
Hexapod
Butterfly
Flea
Grasshopper
Preying mantis
Myriapod
Centipede
Millipede
Radial Symmetry
any plane along the main body, similar halves
Bilateral Symmetry
1 plain posterior midline divides animal into mirror image halves
Diploblastic
two embryonic germ layers -ecto & endo
Triploblastic
three embryonic germ layers -ecto, meso, endo
Pseudocoelom
partially lined with mesoderm
Coelom
completely enclosed in mesoderm
Protosome
Bilateral symmetry
anterior brain
ventral nerve cord
blastropore —-> mouth
Deuterosome
Bilateral symmetry
Coelomate
Internal Skeleton
Blastopore —> anus
Lophotrochozoan
Trocophore larva or have a feeding structure called a lophopore
Ecdysozoan
External cuticle that must be molted periodically
Why is it an advantage for animals to have their organs suspended in a fluid-filled body cavity?
It allows the internal organ to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.
Coelomate
Mollusks & Brachiopods
What group of animals is mostly related to the mollusks?
Annelids
What group of animals is most closely related to the brachiopods?
Ribbonworms
Three major classes of flatworms and give examples of each.,
- Turbellaria: planaria
- Trematoda: Fasciola Hepatica
- Cestoda: Taenia Pisiformis
Why do tapeworms not need a digestive system?
they absorb nutrients from host
What secretes the shell of bivalves?
Mantle
Explain how a pearl is formed.
A foreign object is trapped in the mantle, coccentric rings are secreted around it.
3 unique features of the Mollusca phylum
- open circulatory system
- a chambered heart
- blood contains hemocyanin
Annelid
Setae & Parapodia
Brachiopod
Lophophore
Flatworm
Gastrovascular cavity
Mollusk
Radula
Rotifer
Corona
Bivalvia
Clam
Scallop
Cephalopoda
Octopus
Cestoda
Tapeworm
Gastropoda
Slug
Hirudinea
Leech
Oligochaeta
Earthworm
Polychaeta
Sandworm
Polypacophora
Chiton
Trematoda
Sheep Liver Fluke
Turbellaria
Planarian
