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Lab Practical > Lab Practical #2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Two characteristics of Fungi

A

absorptive heterotrophs, and have chitin in their cell walls.

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2
Q

Mode by which fungi absorb energy and nutrients

A

mutualism with a plant partner
parasite on an animal
predatory on an animal
saprobe on a dead organic material

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3
Q

What clade are unicellular yeasts found in?

A

Club Fungi
Sac Fungi
Zygospore Fungi

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4
Q

A fungus with septate hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?

A

Club Fungi

Sac Fungi

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5
Q

A fungus with a coenocytic hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?

A

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Chytrid fungi
Zygospore fungi (zygomycota)

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6
Q

Microsporidia

A

members are minute, intracellular parasites.

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7
Q

Chytrids

A

only fungi with flagellated cells in their life cycle

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8
Q

Zygospore fungi

A

have only one diploid cell in their entire life cycle

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9
Q

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

A

appear to reproduce be asexual means only

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10
Q

Sac fungi

A
  • group containing the largest number of species

- produce sexual spores internally in sacs called asci

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11
Q

Club fungi

A

produce sexual spores externally on structures called basidia

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12
Q

Are the hyphae of Rhizopus (black bread mold) septate or coenocytic?

A

Septate

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13
Q

What is the only diploid cell in the life cycle of a zygospore fungus called?

A

zygosporangium

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14
Q

A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a …

A

plant root

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15
Q

Why are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi somtimes referred to as ednomycorrhizae?

A

The hypahe penetrates the the cell wall but not the plasma membranes

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16
Q

Sac fungi produce sexual spores called … that are housed in …

A

ascospores … asci

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17
Q

How many spores are typically found in each sac of asci?

A

8

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18
Q

Club fungi produce sexual spores called …. that are borne on stalks called …

A

basidospores … basidia

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19
Q

How many basidospores are on each stalk?

A

4

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20
Q

What are the fruiting structures of sac fungi known as?

A

ascomata

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21
Q

Club fungi fruiting spores are called?

A

basidiomata

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22
Q

A lichen is formed by a symbiotic relationship of what?

A

cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae

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23
Q

Arbuscular clade

A

Puffballs
Toadstools
Yeasts

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24
Q

Club Fungi

A

Coprinus mushroom
Yeasts
Smuts

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25
Q

Sac Fungi

A

Molds

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26
Q

Zygospore Fungi

A

Rhizopus fungus

Yeasts

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27
Q

What do fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals have in common?

A

flagellated cells

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28
Q

The animals are often described as being “eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs.’’ What does this mean?

A

More than 1 eukaryotic cell, cannot make their own food

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29
Q

Approximately ___% of all animals are vertebrates?

A

55

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30
Q

What two groups exhibit radial symmettry and have a body consisting of two layers?

A

Porifera

Cnidarian

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31
Q

Most spores exhibit what kind of symmetry?

A

Asymmetrical

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32
Q

Cnetophorese are often referred to as “comb jellies.” To what does the phrase “comb jelly” refer.

A

Ciliated plates

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33
Q

Cnetphores exhibit what kind of symmetry?

A

Radial

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34
Q

Sea anemones and corals belong to what phylum?

A

Cnidaria

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35
Q

Cnidarians have what symmetry?

A

Radial

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36
Q

What is unique with regard to the cnidarians?

A

Contain special cells called cnidocytes which contain stinging cells called nematocysts

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37
Q

What are the two layers found in the membrane of the Cnidaria?

A

Epidermis

Gastrodermis

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38
Q

What is the name of the jelly-like layer that seperates the two layers of Cnidaria?

A

Mesoglea

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39
Q

Choanocytes

A

line water channels and function to filter small food particles from the water.

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40
Q

Amoebocytes

A

secrete a skeleton consisting of spicules and/or organic fibers

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41
Q

Scypha/Grantia is classified as a calcareous sponge, therefore it’s spicules are made of …

A

Calcium carbonate

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42
Q

In Japan what might you receive as a wedding present?

A

Eeuplectella

43
Q

What is unique about the cnetophores?

A

One species incorporates stinging cells of its jellyfish prey for its own defense.

44
Q

Obelia has two different types of polyps, what are they?

A

Hydranth (feeding polyp)

Goangium (reproductive poly)

45
Q

What major characteristics are shared by all ecdysozoans?

A

-external covering cuticle or exoskeleton, which is secreted by the epidermis

46
Q

Cuticle

A

allows transport of gas, minerals, and water across

47
Q

Exoskeleton

A
  • composed of protein and chitin, waterproof polysaccharide.
  • provides protection and support, no gas exchange.
  • hampers locomotion
48
Q

Exoskeleton of arthropods are composed of … and …., a complex polysaccharide.

A

Protein

Chitin

49
Q

What type of symmetry does nematodes and arthropods have?

A

Bilateral

50
Q

What type of body cavity do the nematodes have?

A

Psuedocoelom

51
Q

Arthropods have a modified coelom in which blood and body fluids mix. This type of body cavity is known as a

A

Hemocoel

52
Q

Three characteristics that contributed to the success of the arthropods

A
  1. segmented body
  2. jointed appendages
  3. hard exoskeleton
53
Q

What phylum do the roundworms belong to?

A

nematoda

54
Q

Chelicerata

A

Horseshoe crab
Spider
Tick

55
Q

Crustacea

A

Alaskan king crab
Crayfish
Gooseneck barnacle
Rock shrimp

56
Q

Hexapoda

A

Roach

57
Q

Myriapoda

A

Millipede

58
Q

Pseudocoelom

A

Body cavity that is partially lined w/ mesoderm

59
Q

Coelom

A

completely enclosed in mesoderm

60
Q

An example of an animal that has a coelom

A

Brachiopodia

61
Q

Two parasitic nematodes you looked at in lab

A

Hookworms

Roundworms

62
Q

What does an open circulatory system mean?

A

A muscular heart pumps blood through open-ended blood vessels into a hemocoel where the tissues are bathed with blood directly.

63
Q

Two characteristics that distinguish the crustaceans from other arthropods

A
  • Two pair of antennae

- mouthparts

64
Q

Groups that have mandibles

A

Crayfish
Beetle
Millipede

65
Q

Groups that have chelicerate

A

Tarantula
Scorpion
Horseshoe crab

66
Q

Celicerate

A 
Black widow spider
Centipede
Dog tick 
Horseshoe crab
Mexican red knee tarantula
Scorpion
67
Q

Crustacean

A

Crayfish

Gooseneck barnacle

68
Q

Hexapod

A

Butterfly
Flea
Grasshopper
Preying mantis

69
Q

Myriapod

A

Centipede

Millipede

70
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

any plane along the main body, similar halves

71
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

1 plain posterior midline divides animal into mirror image halves

72
Q

Diploblastic

A

two embryonic germ layers -ecto & endo

73
Q

Triploblastic

A

three embryonic germ layers -ecto, meso, endo

74
Q

Pseudocoelom

A

partially lined with mesoderm

75
Q

Coelom

A

completely enclosed in mesoderm

76
Q

Protosome

A

Bilateral symmetry
anterior brain
ventral nerve cord
blastropore —-> mouth

77
Q

Deuterosome

A

Bilateral symmetry
Coelomate
Internal Skeleton
Blastopore —> anus

78
Q

Lophotrochozoan

A

Trocophore larva or have a feeding structure called a lophopore

79
Q

Ecdysozoan

A

External cuticle that must be molted periodically

80
Q

Why is it an advantage for animals to have their organs suspended in a fluid-filled body cavity?

A

It allows the internal organ to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.

81
Q

Coelomate

A

Mollusks & Brachiopods

82
Q

What group of animals is mostly related to the mollusks?

A

Annelids

83
Q

What group of animals is most closely related to the brachiopods?

A

Ribbonworms

84
Q

Three major classes of flatworms and give examples of each.,

A
  1. Turbellaria: planaria
  2. Trematoda: Fasciola Hepatica
  3. Cestoda: Taenia Pisiformis
85
Q

Why do tapeworms not need a digestive system?

A

they absorb nutrients from host

86
Q

What secretes the shell of bivalves?

A

Mantle

87
Q

Explain how a pearl is formed.

A

A foreign object is trapped in the mantle, coccentric rings are secreted around it.

88
Q

3 unique features of the Mollusca phylum

A
  1. open circulatory system
  2. a chambered heart
  3. blood contains hemocyanin
89
Q

Annelid

A

Setae & Parapodia

90
Q

Brachiopod

A

Lophophore

91
Q

Flatworm

A

Gastrovascular cavity

92
Q

Mollusk

A

Radula

93
Q

Rotifer

A

Corona

94
Q

Bivalvia

A

Clam

Scallop

95
Q

Cephalopoda

A

Octopus

96
Q

Cestoda

A

Tapeworm

97
Q

Gastropoda

A

Slug

98
Q

Hirudinea

A

Leech

99
Q

Oligochaeta

A

Earthworm

100
Q

Polychaeta

A

Sandworm

101
Q

Polypacophora

A

Chiton

102
Q

Trematoda

A

Sheep Liver Fluke

103
Q

Turbellaria

A

Planarian

Lab Practical (1 decks)

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