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Organismic Biology > Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Polyplacophora

A

chitons

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2
Q

Gastropoda

A

snails and slugs

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3
Q

What class has torsion

A

Gastropoda

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4
Q

What is the phylum of polyplacophora, gastropda, bivalvia, and cephalopoda

A

Mollusca

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5
Q

Bivalvia

A

clams and relatives

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6
Q

cephalopoda

A

squids, octopuses, cuttlefish and nautilus

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7
Q

What kind of symmetry do mulluscs have

A

Bilateral

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8
Q

Protostome or dueterostome (mullosca)

A

protostome

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9
Q

what level of organization (mullosca)

A

organ-level

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10
Q

What does the redula do

A

helps break down food

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11
Q

Where is the mantle located

A

Right under the shell

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12
Q

Where is the mantle cavity located

A

fold in mantle that houses gills, opening for anus

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13
Q

where is the visceral mass located

A

enclosed by mantle, houses all major organs

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14
Q

What is the foot

A

muscular tissue used for movement, can be drawn into the shell

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15
Q

What pylum are the segmented worms

A

Annelida

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16
Q

What pylum are the roundworms

A

Nematoda

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17
Q

What divide the segments in annelida

A

septa

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18
Q

what symmetry do annelida have

A

bilateral

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19
Q

What specialized structures are im annelida

A

Pharynx, crop, gizzard

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20
Q

What type of skeleton do annelida have

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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21
Q

What is secreted by skin and made of collegen in annelida

A

cuticle

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22
Q

What is the site of excretion in annelida

A

nephridia

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23
Q

What secretes a cocoon in annelida

A

clitellum

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24
Q

class polychaeta

A

parapodia (paired feet), NO clitellum EX: clamworm

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25
Q

class oligochaeta

A

permanent clitellum, NO parapodia Ex: earthworms

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26
Q

Class hirudinea

A

clitellum present during reproduction (maturation), anterior and posterior suckers, NO seta or parapodia, EX: leeches

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27
Q

Do nematodes have a circulatory or respiratory system

A

no

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28
Q

most nematodes are ____

A

parasitic

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29
Q

Which class of annelida lacks setae

A

Hirudinea

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30
Q

what is the function of parapodia

A

respiration and locomotion

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31
Q

how do leeches benefit from having a sucker at both their anterior and posterior ends

A

aids in movement along surfaces

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32
Q

What is the difference between mollusca and platyhelminthes digestive systems

A

mollusca have a complete digestive system while patyhelmenthies have an incomplete one

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33
Q

A ____ circulatory system offers the advantage of more effecient and faster blood flow, leading to quicker movement

A

closed

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34
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of polyplacophora

A

these organisms have 8 distinct plates

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35
Q

octopuses belong to which class

A

cephalopoda

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36
Q

Pharyngeal gill slits in terrestrial animals develop into

A

jaw and inner ear

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37
Q

what unique adaptation allows fish to more efficiently diffuse oxygen

A

counter-current gas exchange

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38
Q

what is the function of the lateral line in fish

A

detecting vibrations in the water

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39
Q

What are the 5 charactaristics of chordates (phylum chordata)

A
  1. Notochord
  2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
  3. Pharyngeal gill slits
  4. post-anal tail
  5. Endostyle
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40
Q

What is a notochord

A

an embryonic endoskeleton

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41
Q

What is a dorsal hollow nerve chord

A

anterior end enlarges to form brain

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42
Q

What is pharyngeal gill slits

A

always present in embryonic stages (persist in adults in fish)

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43
Q

What is the post-anal tail

A

Always present in embryonic stages
- Persists in fish, salamader, reptiles, mammals
- absent in frogs, birds, humans

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44
Q

What is an endostyle

A

Portion of the floor of the pharynx and may develop into a thyroid gland

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45
Q

Subphylem cephalochordata

A

lancelets (filter feeders)

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46
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A

tunicates

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47
Q

Subphylum vertebrata

A

most common recent ancestor of vertebrates, notochord is replaced with segmental vertebrae and a skull

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48
Q

Superclass agnatha

A

jawless fish (earliest)

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49
Q

Superclass gnathostoma

A

have jaws

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50
Q

class chondrichthyes

A

cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, rays)

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51
Q

Class Actinopterygii

A

bony fish

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52
Q

Class sarcoptergii

A

lobed-finned fishes

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53
Q

What is the skeleton made of in sharks and rays

A

cartilage

54
Q

oviparity

A

eggs are laid

55
Q

ovoviviparity

A

internal fertilization, developing embryo recieves nutrients from the egg in the mother and is born live (eggs hatch internally)

56
Q

viviparity

A

Internal fertilization, developing embryo receives nutrients directly from the mother, is born live

57
Q

What is an anaminotic egg

A

egg laid in water, permeable, gas exchange

58
Q

What is the function of otoliths

A

hearing

59
Q

What provides boyancy in bony fish

A

swim bladders

60
Q

What do fish excrete

A

ammonia

61
Q

paryngeal gill slits are ____ present in larva and ____ present in adults

A

always, sometimes

62
Q

Are fish protostome or deuterostome

A

deuterostome

63
Q

What are some structures unique to fish that allow them to be so successful in aquatic habitats

A

gill with counter current gas exchange, swim bladders, protrusible jaw, a fine-tuned excretory system

64
Q

What type of skeleton do amphibians have

A

endoskeleton

65
Q

amphibians are ectothermic what does this mean

A

they regulate internal body temp via behavioral mechanisms

66
Q

What phylum do amphibians belong to

A

chordata

67
Q

order Urodela (caudata)

A

salamanders

68
Q

order anura

A

frogs and toads

69
Q

order gymophiona

A

caecilians

70
Q

how to frogs reproduce

A

amplexus (external)

71
Q

How many chambers are in the heart of an amphibian

A

3

72
Q

What do amphibians secrete

A

urea

73
Q

What is used for hearing in amphibians

A

tympanum

74
Q

Which order exhibits neoteny

A

urodela (salamanders)

75
Q

What is an anapsid skull

A

no temporal opening extinct reptiles only

76
Q

what is a diapsid skull

A

two temporal openings, all extant reptiles (turtles however they lost a pair of openings)

77
Q

What is the shell made of in an amniotic egg

A

porous, water loss

78
Q

function of chorion in amniotic egg

A

highloy vascularized, serves in gas exchange

79
Q

What do reptiles secrete

A

uric acid

79
Q

What is the function of allantois in amniotic egg

A

storage of metabolic waste

80
Q

how many chambers are in the heart of a reptile

A

3 - with septa

81
Q

How do reptiles thermoregulate

A

ectotherms

82
Q

sphenodontidae

A

tutara

83
Q

squamata

A

snakes and lizards

84
Q

crocodilia

A

crocodilians (have 4 chambered heart)

85
Q

testudines

A

turtles and tortoises (have a diapsid skull)

86
Q

What does the shell of a turtle consist of

A

dorsal carapace and ventral plastron

87
Q

What is the common name of the group of amphibians that have no legs

A

caecilians

88
Q

amphibians have what type of egg

A

anamniotic

89
Q

why do frogs need to move into the sun when they are cold

A

they can’t regulate their own body temp

90
Q

what are individual units in kidneys called

A

nephrons

91
Q

how do adult frogs respire

A

with lungs and through skin

92
Q

in amphibians what is the concentrated form of nitrogen excretion

A

urea

93
Q

what characteristic differentiates reptiles from amphibians and allows them to live independently of water

A

presence of amniotic eggs

94
Q

What type of skull do lizzards have

A

diapsid

95
Q

The retention of larval characteristics in mature organism is

A

neoteny

96
Q

Which mammalian lineage is characterized by laying eggs

A

monotremes

97
Q

Which order of mammals includes bats

A

chiropetra

98
Q

mammal skulls are synapsid which means they have ___ pair(s) of temporal openings

A

1

99
Q

Because they maintain a constant body temp mammals are ____

A

endotherms

100
Q

What is the term for the thick -walled, dormant structure produced through sexual reproduction in zygomycetes

A

zygosporangium

101
Q

Which structures are haploid in Rhizopus stolonifer

A

mycelium, sporangium, gametangium

102
Q

gungi stores energy as

A

glycogen

103
Q

which is the only group to have a diaphragm

A

mammals

104
Q

what are alveoli

A

small air-sacs that increase the surface area of mammalian lungs

105
Q

What are ears called in mammals

A

pinnae

106
Q

what are whiskers called in mammals

A

vibrissae

107
Q

What type of skull do mammals have

A

synapsid

108
Q

What is the function of a soft palate

A

allow for breathing while chewing, move to make complex sounds

109
Q

how many chambers are in a mammals heart

A

4

110
Q

What is the function of mammary glads

A

produce milk

111
Q

what is the function of sweat glands

A

aids in thermoregulation

112
Q

what is the function of scent glands

A

aids in communication and reproduction

113
Q

What is the function of a cecum

A

dead end gut in intestine, contain bacteria to digest plant material

114
Q

what is the function of the rumen

A

breaks down plant material, microbial community also digested

115
Q

What is waste secreted as in mammals

A

urea

116
Q

What are monotremes

A

lay eggs

117
Q

what are marsupials

A

short gestation period, yong born at an early stage

118
Q

what are placental mammals

A

longer gestation and presence of a placenta

119
Q

What is the difference between fungal cells and plants

A

fungal cells do NOT have chloroplasts and are heterotrophic, cell walls are made of chitin, store energy as glycogen

120
Q

hyphae

A

each of the branching filaments that make up mycelium

121
Q

mycelium

A

vegetative part of the fungus, consisting of a network of hyphae

122
Q

plasmogamy

A

fusion of cell cytoplasms

123
Q

karyogamy

A

fusion of cell nuclei (fertilization)

124
Q

dikaryon

A

n+n

125
Q

coenocytic (aseptate)

A

a mycelium that mostly lacks regular septa (and when septa do occur they don’t have pores)

126
Q

lower fungi

A

no prolonged dikaryitic stage coenocytic

127
Q

higher fungi

A

dikaryotic stage, septate mycelium

128
Q

phylum chytridiomycota

A

hyphae do NOT regularly septate (coenocytic), Have flagella, no sexual spore

129
Q

Phylum Zygomycota

A

haploid dominant life cycle, Hyphae do NOT regularly septate (coenocytic)

130
Q
A

Organismic Biology (1 decks)

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