lab practical

Question 1

change in genetic composition of populations over time

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

who proposed a mechanism for evolutionary change and what was it

Answer 2

Charles Darwin and it was natural selection

Question 3

individuals dont evolve,….

Answer 3

populations do

Question 4

Most populations change becuase they either went through…

Answer 4

1. natural selection
2. genetic drift
3. gene flow
4. mutation
5. non-random mating

Question 5

dominant allele in HWT

Answer 5

P

Question 6

recessive alllele in HWT

Answer 6

Q

Question 7

what are the Hardy w equations

Answer 7

P+q=1
P^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 8

genetic drift

Answer 8

change in allelic frequencies in small populations

Question 9

bottle neck effect

Answer 9

pop. undergoes drastic reduction in size becuase of chance of events

Question 10

The equation HWT is valid if what conditions are met (u can name one)

Answer 10

1. the population is very large
2. mating are random
3. (no gene flow)
   4.No natural selection
   5.No mutation of genes

Question 11

Genes

Answer 11

Sequences of DNA or RNA that code for a molecule

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

A genetic consitution for a specific org.

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

observable_ characteristic in an organisms due to genotype

Question 14

What are the 3 domains

Answer 14

Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria

Question 15

There is now evidence that ____ and ____ are more closely related to each other than either is to bacteria

Answer 15

Archaea and Eukarya

Question 16

what are prokaryotes

Answer 16

Single celled org. that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 17

are many prokaryotes extremophiles

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

prokaryotes are unicellular with little cell specialization.

Answer 18

generalization

Question 19

Gram staining helps what

Answer 19

distinguish bacterial species into 2 groups
gram +
Gram -

Question 20

gram -

Answer 20

plasma membrane surrounded by thin pep making a poor cell wall. then surrounded by a lipid bilayer .
Stain pink becuase the lipid bilayer prevents the stain from interacting with the pep.

Question 21

gram +

Answer 21

plasma membrane surrounded by pep (2 walls) rich cell wall.
Stains purple becuase the stain interacts with the pep.

Question 22

Coccus

Answer 22

Sherical

Question 23

bacillus

Answer 23

rod shaped

Question 24

spiral

Answer 24

squiggly lines

Question 25

Microbiologst use what to study bacteria and archaea

Answer 25

culturing and microscopy

Question 26

cyanobacteria
(green,rod shaped)

Answer 26

• aquatic and photosynthetic
  -use gliding for locomotion
• cause of oxygen

Question 27

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 27

fixes nitrogen and turns it into ammonia using the Nitrogen cycle becuase plants cant use nitrogen

Question 28

protazoan animal like protist characteristics

Answer 28

• heterotrophs
• unicellular
• generally found in fresh water
• no cell walls

Question 29

what are the 4 groups of animal like protists

Answer 29

1. Ciliateed protozoan
2. Flagellated protozoan
3. amoeboid protozoan
4. spore-forming protozoan

Question 30

Sungus like protist

Answer 30

• heterotrophs (decomposers)
• uni and multicelluar
  -terrestrial org. found in shady and moist locations

Question 31

Plant like protist

Answer 31

-autotrophs
- have cells walls
-uni and multicelluar
-aquatic, marine and freshwater

Question 32

what are examples of plant protist

Answer 32

1. Euglenids
2. Dinoflagellates and diatoms
3. green algae
4. brown algae- rock weed and kelp
5. red algae