lab practical Flashcards
change in genetic composition of populations over time
evolution
who proposed a mechanism for evolutionary change and what was it
Charles Darwin and it was natural selection
individuals dont evolve,….
populations do
Most populations change becuase they either went through…
- natural selection
- genetic drift
- gene flow
- mutation
- non-random mating
dominant allele in HWT
P
recessive alllele in HWT
Q
what are the Hardy w equations
P+q=1
P^2+2pq+q^2=1
genetic drift
change in allelic frequencies in small populations
bottle neck effect
pop. undergoes drastic reduction in size becuase of chance of events
The equation HWT is valid if what conditions are met (u can name one)
- the population is very large
- mating are random
- (no gene flow)
4.No natural selection
5.No mutation of genes
Genes
Sequences of DNA or RNA that code for a molecule
Genotype
A genetic consitution for a specific org.
Phenotype
observable_ characteristic in an organisms due to genotype
What are the 3 domains
Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria
There is now evidence that ____ and ____ are more closely related to each other than either is to bacteria
Archaea and Eukarya
what are prokaryotes
Single celled org. that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
are many prokaryotes extremophiles
yes
prokaryotes are unicellular with little cell specialization.
generalization
Gram staining helps what
distinguish bacterial species into 2 groups
gram +
Gram -
gram -
plasma membrane surrounded by thin pep making a poor cell wall. then surrounded by a lipid bilayer .
Stain pink becuase the lipid bilayer prevents the stain from interacting with the pep.
gram +
plasma membrane surrounded by pep (2 walls) rich cell wall.
Stains purple becuase the stain interacts with the pep.
Coccus
Sherical
bacillus
rod shaped
spiral
squiggly lines
Microbiologst use what to study bacteria and archaea
culturing and microscopy
cyanobacteria
(green,rod shaped)
- aquatic and photosynthetic
-use gliding for locomotion - cause of oxygen
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
fixes nitrogen and turns it into ammonia using the Nitrogen cycle becuase plants cant use nitrogen
protazoan animal like protist characteristics
- heterotrophs
- unicellular
- generally found in fresh water
- no cell walls
what are the 4 groups of animal like protists
- Ciliateed protozoan
- Flagellated protozoan
- amoeboid protozoan
- spore-forming protozoan
Sungus like protist
- heterotrophs (decomposers)
- uni and multicelluar
-terrestrial org. found in shady and moist locations
Plant like protist
-autotrophs
- have cells walls
-uni and multicelluar
-aquatic, marine and freshwater
what are examples of plant protist
- Euglenids
- Dinoflagellates and diatoms
- green algae
- brown algae- rock weed and kelp
- red algae
