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A&P > lab practical 1 - endocrine > Flashcards

lab practical 1 - endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

rapid response, short lived

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2
Q

endocrine system

A

slower, more prolonged

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3
Q

small molecules and peptides
which function as primary messengers in a signal
transduction cascade

A

hormones

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4
Q

bind to a specific receptor which
affects a particular cell or tissue type

A

hormones

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5
Q

derivatives of cholesterol, Affects target tissue by entering cell and
directly binding to receptors on DNA

A

steroid hormones

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6
Q

need transport proteins to travel through blood

A

steroid hormones

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7
Q

are steroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

A

hydrophobic

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8
Q

Affects target tissue by binding to receptors on
the outside of the cell membrane

A

non-steroid hormones

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9
Q

are non-sterioid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic ?

A

hydrophilic

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10
Q

Why do hydrophobic hormones require transport proteins to travel in the blood?

A

protects them from breaking down

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11
Q

How can hydrophobic hormones easily pass through the cell membrane?

A

simple diffusion

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12
Q

self-signaling

A

autocrine

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13
Q

signaling of nearby cells

A

paracrine

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14
Q

signaling along cell membranes

A

juxtacrine

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15
Q

Location: Ventral region of diencephalon
Function: Links Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Controls: body temperature, hunger, thirst,
fatigue, circadian rhythms
- Hormones:
(CRH)
(GnRH)
(GHRH)
(TRH) Dopamine/PIH, Somatostatin

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

Location: Caudal region of
diencephalon
Controls: circadian rhythms
Hormones: Melatonin

A

pineal gland

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17
Q

Location: rests in sella turcica of sphenoid
bone in medial cranial fossa at the base of
the brain
Connected to hypothalamus by
Infindibulum

A

pituitary (hypophysis)

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18
Q

anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis

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19
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neurohypophysis

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20
Q

Hormones:
(AcTH)
(TSH)
(PRL)
(GH)
(FSH)
(LH)
Endorphins
Functions (respectively): stimulates adrenal glands,
stimulates metabolism, stimulates lactation,
stimulates growth, regulation of reproductive
systems and androgen production, endogenous
opioid production

A

anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Hormones:
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, Vasopressin)

A

posterior pituitary

22
Q

uterine contraction

A

oxytocin

23
Q

water retention

A

ADH, vasopressin

24
Q

Composed of two lobes connected by an
isthmus.
Controls: metabolism and hormonal
sensitivity
Hormones: Thyroxine (T4),
Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin

A

thyroid

25
Q

base of neck behind Adams apple

A

thyroid location

26
Q

What are some diseases caused by
improper function of the Thyroid?

A

hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

27
Q

Increased metabolism and HR, arrythmias,
nervousness, perspiration, weight loss, thin
hair and skin
Grave’s disease- enlarged eyes; goiter
Thyroiditis
Growths on thyroid
Treatments- surgery, radioactive iodine

A

hyperthyroidism

28
Q

Sensitive to cold, decreased HR, fatigue,
weakness, joint/muscle pain, hair loss,
brittle nails
Hashimoto’s disease- Goiter
Radiation
Iodine deficiency- Goiter
 Treatment- medication

A

Hypothyroidism

29
Q

Location: posterior face of thyroid
Controls: Increases blood calcium and
blood phosphate levels
Antagonist to calcitonin

A

parathyroid

30
Q

What is the name of the hormone
which is secreted by parathyroid gland?

A

parathyroid hormone

31
Q

Osteoporosis, stones,
polyuria, nausea, fatique, cognitive
disfunction

A

hypersecretion - hypercalcaemia

32
Q

convulsions, arrythmia,
tetany, numbness

A

hyposecretion -Hypocalcaemia

33
Q

Hormones: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
aka Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
Function: reduces blood pressure, vasodilation of arterioles, reduces sodium and water reabsorption, Increased urination, Reduces renin and aldosterone, Lipid mobilization

A

heart

34
Q

Location: Inferior to stomach, empties
to duodenum
Hormones: Insulin, Glucagon,
Somatostatin, Pancreatic polypeptide
Function: decrease blood
glucose, increase blood glucose, self-
inhibition, unknown function

A

pancreas

35
Q

alpha cells

A

glucagon

36
Q

beta cells

A

insulin

37
Q

delta cells

A

somatostatin

38
Q

alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

A

islet of langerhans

39
Q

bicarbonate ions, digestive enzymes

A

aciner cells

40
Q

Location: posterior to pancreas, behind
abdominal cavity in retroperitoneum
Hormones: Renin, Erythropoietin,
Calcitriol, Thrombopoietin
Functions: renin-angiotensin system,
erythrocyte production stimulation,
calcium uptake, platlet production

A

kidneys

41
Q

what two parts are the adrenal glands separated into?

A

cortex, medulla

42
Q

increase blood
volume; electrolyte retention; leads to BP increase
Ex: Aldosterone

A

Glomerulosa -> Mineralocorticoids

43
Q

immune/stress
response; gluconeogenesis; anti-inflammatory
Ex: cortisol

A

Fasciculata -> Glucocorticoids

44
Q

sperm development; male
2ndary sexual characteristics; precursor to estrogens
Ex: Testosterone

A

Reticularis -> Androgens

45
Q

Location: center of adrenal glands,
surrounded by adrenal cortex
Hormones: (Epinephrine),
(Norepinephrine),
Dopamine, Enkephalin
Functions: “fight or flight”

A

adrenal medulla

46
Q

Stimulated by: LH and FSH
Hormones: Testosterone, Estradiol
Inhibin
Functions: stimulates spermatogenesis,
inhibit apoptosis of spermatozoa,
inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone

A

testes

47
Q

Stimulated by: LH and FSH
Hormones in the ovaries come from the
ovarian follicle itself or the corpus luteum.
Location: Lateral portion of uterus in females
Hormones: Progesterone, Androstenedione,
Estrogens, Inhibin
Functions: Maintenance of uterine lining;
precursor to estrogen and testosterone;
secondary female characteristics; inhibit FSH

A

ovaries

48
Q

increase in one
system results in an increase in another.

A

positive feedback loop

49
Q

increase in
one system results in a decrease in another.

A

negative feedback loop

50
Q

gigantism, bushings syndrome, acromegaly

A

diseases from improper regulation in the endocrine system.

51
Q
A

A&P (3 decks)

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