Lab Practical 1: Basic Terms Flashcards
Anterior
Leading side
Posterior
Following side
Ventral
Belly side
Dorsal
Back side
Superior
Up/ away from the ground
Inferior
Down/ toward the ground
Medial
Midline
Ex: The nose is medial to the ears.
Lateral
Further away from midline
Ex: The lungs are lateral to the heart
Proximal
In reference to your limbs; closer to the point of reference (shoulder/ hip)
Ex: The humorous is proximal to the finger.
Distal
In reference to your limbs; further from the point of reference
Ex: The fingers are distal to the wrist
Superficial
Where a tissue is relative to another; outside
Ex: Ribs are superficial to the lungs
Note: The skins is the most superficial tissue humans have.
Deep
Where a tissue is relative to another; closer to the inside
Ex: The heart is deep to the ribs.
Cranial
Closer to the cranium/ head
Caudal
Farther away from the cranium/ head
Anatomical Position (point of reference)
Face to face, palms forward, toes forward, left and right reversed when front facing
Plane
Imaginary line
Section
Cut through a plane
3 planes include:
Sagittal (Mid-sagittal)
Transverse
Frontal
Sagittal Plane
Separates the body into a left and right part
Mid-sagittal Plane
Separates the body into perfectly equal left and right parts; straight down midline
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Frontal Plane
Divides the body into an anterior and posterior part
What is a body cavity?
What is its function?
- A cavity lined with a membrane
- Holds organs
What is a membrane?
What is its function?
- Thin tissue that lines all body cavities and organs
- Decreases friction between organs
Visceral Membrane
Directly covers organs
Ex: The visceral membrane is deep to the parietal membrane.
Parietal Membrane
Lines the inside of the cavity; inside bones
Ex: The parietal membrane is superficial to the visceral membrane
Serious Membrane
A membrane that makes fluid; mostly water but a little viscous
What is the “empty space” between membranes?
It is not actually empty! It is filled with serous fluid.
What are the 2 main types of body cavities?
Dorsal
Ventral
What body cavities fall within the dorsal body cavity?
Central nervous system!
Cranial (brain)
Vertebral (spine)
What subdivides the one large ventral body cavity?
Diaphragm
What body cavities is the ventral body cavity split into?
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
What is housed in the thoracic cavity?
Pericardial (heart)
Pleural (lungs)
What is housed in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdominal (most of the digestive system)
Pelvic (reproductive organs)
