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lab practical 1 > lab practical 1 > Flashcards

lab practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does emb select for and if its e. coli what color will it turn

A

colliforms

metallic green for e coli

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2
Q

acid-fast will be what two colors

A

blue and pink

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3
Q

in acid fast staining:
light blue is what
pink is what

A 
non acid fast
acid fast (mycobacterium)
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4
Q

gram positive is what color

A

purple/blueish

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5
Q

gram negative is what color

A

pink/reddish

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6
Q

what is the purpose of a streak plate

A

dilute bacteria to get a single CFU (colony forming unit)

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7
Q

parts of gram staining

A

primary stain- crystal violet
mordant- iodine
decolorization-ethanol
counterstain- safranin

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8
Q

shapes of bacteria

A

bacilli (rod)
cocci (ball)
spirilla (spiral)

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9
Q

arrangements of bacteria

A

cluster

chain

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10
Q

what is a gram reaction

A

whether it is gram + or gram -

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11
Q

selective media definition

A

selective media selects for a desired trait

ex: antibiotic resistance

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12
Q

differential media definition

A

used to differentiate two different types of bacteria

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13
Q

iodine binds to crystal violet creating what

A

CV-I

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14
Q

what does blood agar select for?

A

selects for hemolytic activity

only differential media

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15
Q

types of blood agar

A

hemolysis types:
alpha
gamma
beta

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16
Q

alpha hemolysis

A
  • INCOMPLETE LYSIS of red blood cells

- results in GREENISH HALO around the bacteria

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17
Q

beta hemolysis

A
  • COMPLETE LYSIS of RBCs resulting in complete destruction of them
  • will turn YELLOW around it
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18
Q

gamma hemolysis

A
  • NO LYSIS of RBCs

- results in NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE in the media

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19
Q

what is an endospore

A

a dormant bacteria (not metabollicly active)
blue color
will germinate under appropriate conditions (survival mechanism)

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20
Q

what is the layer that forms the plasma membrane in bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

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21
Q

does gram + have a thick or thin layer of peptidoglycan

A

thick

22
Q

does gram -have a thick or thin layer of peptidoglycan?

A

thin

23
Q

what is a capsule

A

a gelatinous layer that is secreted by the cell and that surrounds and adheres to the cell wall

24
Q

components of gram staining

A

mixed culture
E.coli (G-)
S.epi (G+)

25
Q

components of simple staining

A

MB (methylene blue)
CV (crystal violet)
carbol fusion

26
Q

components of endospore staining

A

B. cereus

b. subtilis (bacillus)

27
Q

components of acid fast stain

A

m. smeg
mycobacterium
s. megmatis

28
Q

components of capsule stain

A

CV (crystal violet) - primary stain

copper sulfate- decolorizing agent

29
Q

parts of the endospore staining procedure

A

primary stain- malachite green
decolorizing agent- water
counterstain- safranin

30
Q

what would an autoclave be set to

A

121 degrees celcius ( 15 mins, 15 psi).

-(increasing temp, increases pressure to completely sterilize)

31
Q

what is the optimum temp for growth of an organism

A
  • room temp= 72 degrees Fahrenheit. 24 degrees Celsius

- human body temp= 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. 37.5 degrees Celcius

32
Q

identify the bacterial genus in which all species are acid fast

A

mycobacterium

33
Q

why shouldn’t bacterial cells be placed in pure distilled water and what physiological changes will occur

A

too hypotonic. excess water rushes in, expanding the cell

34
Q

describe the role of buffers in a bacteriological medium

A

resists radical changes/swings in the pH

35
Q

identify the approximate pH at which most bacteriological media are generally adjusted

A

approximately 7.0

36
Q

obligate aerobe

A

will only grow at the top of theoglycolate broth

needs oxygen to survive

37
Q

obligarte anaerobe

A

will only grow at bottom of theoglycolate broth to get away from the oxygen

38
Q

facultative anaerobe

A

will grow all throughout but cluster a little on the type.

can grow in oxygen or non oxygen environment but prefers oxygen

39
Q

microaerophilic

A

prefers lower oxygen levels and higher CO2 levels and grows on top because still needs oxygen to survive

40
Q

aerotolerant

A

grows all throughout, distributed evenly

41
Q

microbicidal agents definition

A

kill microbes immediately

42
Q

what are the different microbicidal and microbistatic agents

A

antiseptics
disinfectants
chemotherapeutic agents

43
Q

microbistatic definition

A

stops the cell from reproducing

44
Q

microbicidal definition

A

will kill the cell immediately

45
Q

types of MacConkey agar

A

coliform bacteria

dysentery, typhoid, and paratyphoid bacilli

46
Q

dysentery, typhoid, and paratyphoid bacilli

A

not fermenters
dont produce acid
tan or transparent

47
Q

coliform bacteria

A

ferment lactose
red coloration
medium may be pink

48
Q

why is heat used in acid fast staining

A

penetration is further enhanced: drives the carbol fuchsin through the lipoidal wall and into the cytoplasm
USED IN ZIEHL- NEELSON METHOD for acid-fast staining

49
Q

Kinyoun method

A

circumvents the use of heat by addition of a wetting agent to the stain reducing surface tension between the cell wall of the mycobacterium and the stain.

50
Q

steps in an acid-fast stain

A

primary stain- carbol fuschin
decolorizing agent- acid-alcohol (3% HCL + 95% Ethanol)
counterstain- methylene blue

lab practical 1 (1 decks)

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