Lab Practical #1

Question 1

Ultrasound Physiological Effects

Answer 1

• incr. cell membrane permeability
• incr. blood flow
• incr. fibroblast activity
• cytokine release
• phagocytosis stimulation

Question 2

Ultrasound Contraindications

Answer 2

• pacemaker
• active DVT
• malignancy
• eyes or testes
• active bleed/infection

Question 3

Ultrasound Precautions

Answer 3

• communication issues
• circulatory insufficiency
• joint implants/cements
• absent/diminished sensation

Question 4

Ultrasound Parameters

Answer 4

1 - 3 MHz
0.5 - 2 W/cm^2
1.5 - 2x ERA
5-10 min?

Question 5

Ultrasound Therapeutic Effects

Answer 5

• incr. ROM (extensibility)

- decr. pain

Question 6

Physiological Effects of Laser Therapy

Answer 6

• incr. ATP synthesis
• incr. protein synthesis
• incr. collagen synthesis
• incr. proliferation
• incr. lymphocyte activity

Question 7

Contraindications of Laser Therapy

Answer 7

• pregnancy
• endocrine glands
• cornea
• hemorrhaging lesion
• malignancy
• open fontanella

Question 8

Precautions of Laser Therapy

Answer 8

• active epiphysis
• mediastinum
• infection
• recently radiated tissues
• photosensitivity disorders (Lupus)

Question 9

Parameters of Laser Therapy

Answer 9

• dose ~4 J/cm^2
• ~30 sec.
• usually 2-3 points

Question 10

Therapeutic Outcomes of Laser Therapy

Answer 10

• decr. pain

- incr. ROM/mobility

Question 11

Physiological Effects of Cryotherapy

Answer 11

• decr. NCV
• vasoconstriction
• decr. cell metabolism
• decr. MSF and GTO activity
• decr. free protein

Question 12

Contraindications of Cryotherapy

Answer 12

• active DVT
• TB
• cold urticarial
• Raynaud’s disease
• hemoglobulinemia
• impaired circulation

Question 13

Precautions of Cryotherapy

Answer 13

• areas of impaired circulation
• infected tissue
• tissue near/over eyes
• damaged/at risk skin
• hypertension (lg. areas)

Question 14

Parameters of Cryotherapy

Answer 14

• 20 min (7-10 for ice massage)

- optimal temp: 50-60F

Question 15

Therapeutic Outcomes of Cryotherapy

Answer 15

• decr. pain
• decr. edema
• decr. secondary injury
• decr. spasticity

Question 16

Physiological Effects of Heat Therapy

Answer 16

• vasodilation
• altered NCV
• incr. cell metabolism
• incr. elasticity

Question 17

Contraindications of Heat Therapy

Answer 17

• acute injury
• edema
• TB
• malignancy
• active DVT

Question 18

Precautions of Heat Therapy

Answer 18

• near the eyes
• pregnancy
• anterior neck/carotid sinus
• cardiac failure

Question 19

Parameters of Heat Therapy

Answer 19

MHP: 158-167F, 6-8 towel layers, 15-30 min.
Paraffin Wax: dip 8-10 times
Fluidotherapy: 15-30 min.

Question 20

Therapeutic Outcomes of Heat Therapy

Answer 20

• decr. pain and stiffness
• incr. ROM
• decr. spasticity

Question 21

Physiological Effects of Compression Therapy

Answer 21

• incr. lymph flow
• improved venous circulation/oxygenation
• stimulate fibrinolysis
• incr. skin perfusion pressure

Question 22

Contraindications of Compression Therapy

Answer 22

• acute pulmonary edema
• CHF
• recent/acute DVT
• acute fracture
• acute dermatological condition
• uncontrolled hypertension

Question 23

Precautions of Compression Therapy

Answer 23

• open wounds

- controlled hypertension

Question 24

Parameters for Compression Therapy

Answer 24

45 min to 4 hours

35mmHg to diastolic pressure minus 10

Question 25

Therapeutic Outcomes of Compression Therapy

Answer 25

• decr. edema
• incr. mobility
• decr. pain
• decr. incidence of post-op DVTs

Question 26

Critical Safety Elements

Answer 26

• identify contraindications and precautions
• check skin (pre and post tx)
• properly position equipment and pt.
• properly administer physical agent
• give pt. safety switch or bell
• use safe intensity and duration
• properly end physical agent
• check pain (pre and post tx)
• CONSENT