Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
A
protein only
2
Q
In the lab, you have been given an unknown solution. Which reagent (chemical) would you use to determine if simple sugars were present in the unknown solution?
A
Benedicts
3
Q
For the following experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable?
An HBU student looks to find the quickest route to campus. On Monday, Thursday & Friday, she measures the time it takes to drive Route A. On Tuesday & Wednesday she measures the time it takes to drive Route B. Route A averages 21 minutes. Route B averages 26 minutes.
A
Travel time
4
Q
Convert 2650 cm to Dm
A
2.65Dm
5
Q
A
Japan
6
Q
Placing a plant cell into a hypotonic solution results in which of the following?
A)No change
B)Water flowing out of the cell
C)Plasmolysis
D)Turgidity
A
Turgidity
7
Q
Which taxonomic level would have the most organisms?
A)Genus
B)Order
C)Family
D)Class
A
genus
8
Q
Identify the correct scientific name from the options below.
a) Canis familiaris
b) Canis familiaris
c) Canis Familiaris
d) Canis Familiaris
A
a)Canis familiaris
9
Q
The organism shown below is responsible for what?
A
malaria
10
Q
The organism show below belongs to what Phylum?
A
Chlorophyta
11
Q
Identify the bacterial shape shown below…
A
coccus
12
Q
For meiosis, identify the phase during which DNA replication occurs.
A
Interphase I (S phase I)
13
Q
Products and by-products of photosynthesis do NOT include __. Select ALL that apply.
a) C6H12O6
b) O2
c) H2O
d) CO2
A
c) H2O
d) CO2
14
Q
Bromothymol blue is ___ colored below pH 6.0 and ___ colored above pH 7.6.
A
yellow; blue
15
Q
From the image below, identify the structure denoted by the arrow.
A
gametangium
16
Q
What are the steps in the scientific method?
A
- observation
- question
- hypothesis
- prediction
- experiment
- analyze results
- conclusion
17
Q
What is a hypothesis?
A
inductive logic; testable statement to address question
18
Q
What is prediction?
A
builds on hypothesis; if/then causal statement
19
Q
For analyzing results of an experiment, where do you graph the independent variable and where do you graph the dependent variable?
A
x axis - independent variable
y axis - dependent variable
20
Q
What are components of a conclusion?
A
- Refute or support prediction
- Refute or support hypothesis
- Errors…
- Application to others…
- Re-evaluate predictions/hypotheses
21
Q
What are the characteristics of theories and principles?
A
- substantial validation over time
- generally accepted
- malleable
22
Q
What are the sections of a research article?
A
- abstract
- introduction
- materials and methods
- results
- conclusions
23
Q
How many nm is one m?
A
109
24
Q
What is the ratio of C to H to O in carbohydrates?
A
1:2:1
25
What are the three single sugar units?
glucose, fructose, galactose
26
What is sucrose comprised of?
glucose + fructose
27
What is the energy storage of plants?
starch
28
What enzyme of the mouth breakes polysaccharides into glucose?
salivary amylase
29
What enzyme of the pancreas breaks polysaccharides into glucose?
pancreatic amylases
30
What enzymes break down polysaccharides into glucose in the small intestine?
lactase, sucrase
31
What tests for simple sugars?
Benedict's
32
What chemical tests for starch?
Lugol's (iodine)
33
What is a positive test for benedict's solution?
red/orange
34
What is a positive test for Lugol's solution (iodine)?
purple/black
35
What elements comprise proteins?
C, H, O, N
36
Essential amino acids are obtained through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. They are not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
food; synthesided
37
What chemical is used to test for the presence of protein?
Biuret's
38
What is a positive Biuret's test for protein?
violet/purple
39
If the Biuret's solution is pink what does that indicate?
the solution has a short polypeptide chain
40
What is in the small intestine that helps digest lipids? In the pancreas? Where are these transported to?
bile; lipase; lymph
41
Is Sudan IV hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
hydrophobic
42
What chemical is used for the testing of lipids?
Sudan IV
43
Characteristics of dissecting microscope?
1. stereoscopic
2. low magnification
3. small or large specimens
4. specimen can be manipulated during viewing
5. two eye objectives
44
Study parts of microscope.
Dude study it.
45
What electron microscope is 2D sections?
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
46
What electron microscope produces a high res 3D image?
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
47
What is resolving power?
the ability to distinguish between two objects
48
The distance between the top of slide/specimen and the end of the objective...
working distance
49
Area visible through the ocular lens...
field of view
50
Layer in sharp focus...
depth of focus
51
Do lower or higher objectives have greater depth?
lower
52
What organelle stores calcium?
smooth ER
53
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Rough ER
54
What is the order of taxonomy?
1. domain
2. kingdom
3. phylum
4. class
5. order
6. family
7. *Genus*
8. *species*
55
What is a dichotomous key?
a systemic way to classify an unknown organism
56
What is used as a visual representation of relatedness?
cladogram
57
What are the shared structures of prokaryotic and eukarytoic cells?
1. cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. DNA
5. ribosomes
6. cilia
7. flagella
58
What are the eukaryotic-specific structures?
1. cytoskeleton
2. nucleus
3. ER (smooth and rough)
4. golgi
5. lysosome
6. vacuole
7. peroxisome
8. mitochondria
9. chloroplast
59
What is this structure?
vibrio
60
What is this structure?
spirillum
61
What is this structure?
spirochete
62
What does strepto- mean?
filament (chain)
63
What does staphylo- mean?
cluster
64
What phylum does trichonympha belong to?
parabasalia (it is parasitic)
65
What phylum do trypanosomes and euglenoids belong to?
euglenozoa
66
What is the phylum for all of the following:
* Ciliates
* Paramecium
* Stentor
* Dinoflagellates
* Gymnodinium
* Ceratium
* Peridinium
* Apicomplexans
* Parasites
* Plasmodium vivax
Alveolata
67
What is the phylum for all of the following:
* Oomycotes (water moldes)
* Saprolegnia
* Achyla
* Phytophtora
* Chrysophytes (diatoms)
* Phaeophytes (brown algae)
Stramenophilia
68
What are the characteristics of protists? (4)
1. autotrophic
2. base of food chain
3. animal-like
4. plant-like
69
What are the phylums of protists? (4)
1. rhodophyta
2. chlorophyta
3. charophyta
4. amoeboza
70
What is rhodophyta?
the phylum of red algae
71
What is the source for agar, and is also an ice cream thickener?
rhodophyta
72
Phycobilin, Porphyridium, and Porphyra belong to what phylum?
Rhodophyta
73
What phylum does the following belong to?
* Green algae
* Most related to terrestrial plants
* Chlorophyll
* Photosynthetic
* Diverse
* Uni- or multicellular, filamentous, colonial
Chlorophyta
74
What phylum do chlamydomonas, volvox, oedogonium, and ulva belong to?
Chlorophyta
75
What phylum do Spirogyra (pond scum) and Chara (stonewarts) belong to?
Charophyta
76
What phylum do the following belong to?
* Physarum
* Plasmodial slime mold
* Sporangia
* Amoeba
* Pseudopodia
Amoebozoa
77
What is cell theory? (3)
1. cells are the smallest unit of life
2. all living organisms are made of cells
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
78
What is mitosis?
division of somatic cells (non sex cells); diploid to diploid; no genetic variation
79
What does interphase do in mitosis?
prepares the cell for division
80
What are the 3 phases of interphase?
G1, S, & G2
81
What happens in the G1 phase?
cytoplasmic growth
82
What happens in the S phase?
DNA replication; sister chromatids are formed
83
What happens in the G2 phase?
microtubule growth
84
study phases of mitosis and meiosis with pics
yes do it
85
What is meiosis?
division of gametes (egg or sperm); haploid goes to form 4 haploids; genetic diversity results
86
Where does meiosis occur?
gonads or gametangia
87
What happens in prophase I?
sister chromatids join (form a tetrad); crossing over (synapsis) occurs; chromosomes are visible; nuclear membrane disintegrates; spindle fibers form
88
What happens during metaphase I?
tetrad independently align at the middle; law of independent assortment
89
What happens during anaphase I?
tetrad is split into sister chromatids
90
What happens during telophase I?
nuclear membrane reforms
91
During cytokinesis, pant cells form cell \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and animal cells form ___________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
plates; cleavage furrows
92
What occurs in interphase II?
preparation for cell division; no DNA replication; no S phase
93
What happens in prophase II? (3)
1. sister chromatids condense
2. nuclear membrane disintegrates
3. spindle fibers form
94
What happens during metaphase II?
sister chromatids independently align at the middle
95
What happens during anaphase II?
sister chromatids split into chromosomes
96
What happens during telophase II?
nuclear membrane reforms
97
What is the failure to evenly separate tetrads or sister chromatids during anaphase I or II?
nondisjunction (trisomy 21 results in down syndrome)
98
Fungi are _____________ decomposers. They get their food from eathing others; they eat dead.
heterotrophic
99
What are the three types of fungi?
1. saprobes
2. parasites
3. mutualists
100
Saprobes grow on what?
non-living carbon source
101
What is mycorrhizae?
fungus and plant roots
102
What are lichens made of?
fungus and algae
103
What lichens are hard, shell-like structures?
crustose
104
Which lichen looks like moss?
fruticose
105
Are fungal infections difficult to treat?
yes
106
What are 5 fungal phyla?
1. chytridiomycota
2. zygomycota
3. ascomycota
4. basidiomycota
5. "imperfect fungi"
107
What phylum of fungi contains chytrids, can be parasitic, and can cause black wart disease?
chytridiomycota
108
Why phylum of fungi contains zygosporangium-forming fungi, saprobes, and rhizopus (black bread mold)?
zygomycota
109
What are sporangia?
spores of the rhizopus for asexual reproduction
110
What are zygosporangia?
part of the rhizopus for sexual reproduction
111
What fungal phylum includes sac fungi, ascus, conidia, and Peziza?
Ascomycota
112
What is an ascus for?
sexual reproduction
113
What is a conidia for?
asexual reproduction
114
What fungal phylum includes gill fungi, club fungi, and basidiocarp?
basidiomycota
115
What is a basidiocarp for?
sexual reproduction
116
What are "imperfect fungi"?
fungi that lack sexual reproduction (only reproduce asexually); antibiotic sources; pathogens; cheese; penicillium; alternaria
117
Where does photosynthesis primarily occur?
in the plant leaf
118
What is the photosynthesis reaction?
6CO2 + 6H2O -----\> C6H12O6 + 6O2
119
Photosynthesis is a light ___________ reaction. The Calvin cycle is a light ____________ reaction.
dependent; independent
120
Photosynthesis converts CO2 into what?
glucose and starch
121
When CO2 dissolves in water, what does it form?
carbonic acid
122
What color is bromothymol blue in an acid? What does this mean?
yellow; increased carbonic acid
123
When bromothymol blue is green, what does this mean?
it's neutral
124
When bromothymol blue is blue, what does this mean?
solution is basic; decreased carbonic acid; increased CO2 uptake; increased photosynthesis
125
What is chromatography?
separation of molecules; solubility in solvent
126
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------\> 6H20 + 6CO2 + ATP
127
