Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urine Lab > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Specimen Containment

and labeling

A

Leak proof, dry, clear
Label the container not the lid because of mix ups
- Name
- Pt ID
- Date and time of collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Specimen Processing

Time, storage, what changes

A

Time: deliver within 2 hours
Fridge: amorph crystals will form
- Reheat to room temp before analyzing
- Preservatives may be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Purpose For Random Collection

A

Routine screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose For First Morning Collection

A

Purpose For Routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Purpose For Midstream Clean Catch

A

Routine screening, bacterial culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose For Catheterized

A

Bacterial culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Purpose For Suprapubic Aspirate

A

Bacterial culture
Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purpose For Drug Specimen Collection

A

Drug Testing
- Requires chain of custody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Preservatives: Refrigeration

Pros, cons, commennts

A

Pros: no interference with chemical tests
Cons: raises specific gravity, precips more amorph crystals
Comments: prevents bacterial growth 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Preservatives: Boric Acid

Pros, cons, comments

A

Pros: preserves protein, formed elements
Cons: inhibits bacterial growth
Comments: keeps pH at 6.00

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Preservatives: Formalin

pros, cons

A

Pros: sediment
Cons: interferes with copper reduction; glucose, blood, leuk esterase on reagent strip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Preservatives: Sodium Fluoride

pros, cons

A

Pros: prevents glycolysis, good for drug analysis
Cons: inhibits glucose, blood, leuk esterase on reagent strip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: pH and Glucose

A

pH: increases
- breakdown of urea to ammonia if bacteria are present

Glucose: decreases
- GLycolysis if bacteria utilize glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: Nitrite

A

Increases
- if bacteria reduces nitrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: Urobilinogen and Bacteria

A

Urobilinogen: decrease because of oxidization to urobilin
Bacteria: increase due to multiplying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: Ketones and Bilirubin

A

Ketones: decrease, evaporation
Bilirubin: Decrease, oxidation to biliverdin when exposed to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: Turbidity and Color

A

Turbidity: increase due to amorph
Color: can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Changes at Room Temp For >2 Hours: Cells and Casts

A

Cells and casts: decrease/disintegrate in dilute alkaline urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal Crystals

7 and basic description, ph

A

Calcium oxalate: square with x, dumbell, ovoid, long, octahedral, acidic
Triple phosphate: long, alkaline
Ammonium biurate: brown fuzzy round, thorny apple, old urine alkaline
Uric acid: brown cylinder or lemon, acidic
Hippuric acid: very long, pointed ends, acidic
Calcium phosphate: prisms in a cluster, alkaline
Ca carbonate: dumbell, alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Amorph

Two types, ph

A

Normal
Amorph urate: acidic
Amorph phosphate: alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abnormal Crystals

7, descrip, ph

A

Bilirubin: brown fine needles, acidic
Cholesterol: clear plates, notched edges, acidic
Cystine: clear hexagon, acidic
Leucine: dark tree trunk, acidic
Tyrosine: large needle cluster sheaves, acidic
Sulfa: drug, brown dumbell needles, acidic
Drug crystals: most are big needles, can be clustered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Correlations: Leukocytes

A

Infection
- Kidneys
- UTI
- Bacteria most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Correlations: Nitrite

A

UTI
- Bacteria
- Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Correlations: Urobilinogen

A

Liver cell damage, or increased bilirubin excretion to intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Correlations: Protein

A

Kidney disease (glomerular)

26
Q

Correlations: PH

A

Acidic can be caused by kidney disease or diet

27
Q

Correlations: Blood

A

Infection or disease in kidney or bladder

28
Q

Correlations: Specific Gravity

radiographic dye?

A

High specific gravity: kidney’s ability to concentrate urine in relation to plasma
> 1.035: radiographic dye

29
Q

Correlations: Ketones

A

Diabetes, low carb, starvation

30
Q

Correlations: Bilirubin

A

Liver damage

31
Q

Correlations: Glucose

A

Diabetes mellitus
Tubular

32
Q

How many CSF tubes to be collected and how much

A

4 tubes, 10-20 mls

33
Q

CSF tubes and where they’re sent in order, and storage if STAT tests cant be performed

A
  1. Chem - fridge or freeze
  2. Micro - room temp
  3. Heme - fridge
34
Q

When should cell counts be performed for a CSF specimen and why?

A

ASAP, cells deteriorate within 2 hours of collection

35
Q

Why are CSF cell counts done manually

A

Automated instruments have a minimum range and sometimes CSF has too few cells to register an accurate count

36
Q

Normal CSF appearance, cell count, and diff count

A
  • Clear/colorless
  • 0-5 wbc/ul
  • Lymphs and monos, mononuclear cells
37
Q

Causes for clear but bloody CSF

A

RBCs
- hemorrhage or traumatic tap
- 200-400 RBC/ul might appear clear

38
Q

Milky or cloudy CSF

A

Bacteria, WBCs, protein

39
Q

Clotted CSF

A

Protein, usually from traumatic tap

40
Q

Xanthochromic CSF

A

Hgb, bilirubin

41
Q

Pleural fluid location and specimen collection

A
  • Lungs, chest wall
  • Thoracentesis
42
Q

Peritoneal, ascitic fluid location and collection

A
  • Abdominal wall/pelvic cavity
  • Paracentesis, peritoneocentesis
43
Q

Pericardial fluid location and collection

A
  • Around the heart
  • Paracardiocentesis
44
Q

Synovial fluid composition

A

Similar to plasma, ultrafiltrate of plasma

45
Q

What makes synovial fluid viscous

A

Hyaluronic acid

46
Q

Synovial fluid tubes for department tests

A
  • Heme: EDTA
  • Micro: heparin
  • Chem/immuno: not anticoagulant tube
47
Q

MSU crystals

A

Needle
Negative birefringence
- Gout
- parallel: yellow
- perp: blue

48
Q

CCPD crystals

A

Blunt, positive birefringence
- Pseudogout
- Parallel: blue
- Perp: yellow

49
Q

Liquefaction in semen

A

Fresh semen clotted then liquifies again between 15-30 minutes

50
Q

How does viscosity of semen affect sperm quality

A

Too viscous (>2 cm thread test) and incomplete liquefaction impedes sperm motility

51
Q

Semen pH

A

7.2-7.8 slightly alkaline

52
Q

How to calculate sperm concentration

A

number of sperm heads x dilution x 1,000,000 = sperm concentration /ml

53
Q

How to calculate sperm count

A

number of sperm heads x dilution x 1,000,000 x specimen volume

54
Q

Normal sperm concentration and count

A

Concentration: >20 mil per ml
Count: >40 mil per ml

55
Q

How long to eval sperm motility

A

Within 1 hour or else motility decreases
- 50% or more sperm should be motile in categories a,b,c or 25% in a/b

56
Q

Sperm motility categories

A

4 (a): rapid, straight line motility
3 (b): slower, some lateral movement
2 (b): slow forward, lateral movement
1 (c): no forward progression
0 (d): no movement

57
Q

What are lining cells in CSF called

A

Choroid plexus cells
- dont count in the diff

58
Q

What are lining cells in synovial fluid called

A

Synoviocytes

59
Q

Lining cells in amniotic fluid

A

SECs

60
Q

Lining cells in serous fluid

A

Mesothelial cells

61
Q

Troubleshooting: crypto vs poor slide

A

poorly spun lymphs can look smashed and like cryptococcus, remake the slide or other clues like pt history

Urine Lab (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions