Lab P2: Reproduction Flashcards
the ovary is always surrounded by the anterior portion of the ____ and
the ____ always is between the ________ and the _______
oviduct, ovary and the uterus.
Describe the ovaries on a horse.
Shaped like a kidney,
ovulation fossa in
center, no external
ovarian structures
Describe the ovaries on a Pig
Shaped like a bunch of
grapes, numerous CLs
and/or CAs if mature
Describe the ovaries on a Cow
Oval like an egg, CL
protrude prominently
above surface
Describe the ovaries on sheep and goats.
Identical to that found
in cows but much
smaller, usually have
multiple CLs / CAs
Describe the Uterus on a horse
large body with short
horns
Describe the Uterus on a pig
Large, long horns
with short body
Describe the Uterus on a cow
Large body with short
horns
Describe the Uterus on a sheep or goat
Predominant body
with slightly longer
horns than found in
cows
Describe the penis of a Horse
Large diameter with
“mushroom-like”
head
Describe the penis of a Pig
Spiral tip with
counterclockwise
rotation
Describe the penis of a Bull
Long, slender with
tapered end
Describe the penis of a Ram or goat
Thin projection from
the tip of penis.
_____ are fluid-filled circles that
resemble “_______”.
Follicles, Blisters.
What color are CLs in sows?
Red, pink, or gray.
What color are CLs in cows?
Yellow, orange, or grey.
CAs look like what?
Small, avascular structures that are white.
Full name for CLs?
Corpora Lutea
Full name for CAs?
Corpora albicantia.
Explain how follicles work?
They contain ova
-They either grow and ovulate or die.
Explain how CL’s develop.
A follicle ovulates, it releases its ovum. Then it becomes a corpus luteum.
Explain how CA’s develop.
A CL regresses or its destroyed. The tissue remains on the ovary and is now a CA.
Its basically scar tissue.
How can you tell if a female is immature.
ONLY follicles. No CA or CL. She hasn’t ovulated.
CL are present when??
CL are present during preganancy and in the luteal phase of estrous.
Large follicles are present when?
During the follicular phase or towards the end of lactation.
Describe what might be present during the prepuberal phase.
The follicles are all different sizes. Generally, the larger they are the closer the female is to puberty.
NO CLs or CAs
Describe what is present during the mature, follicular phase of estrous cycle or lactation.
Medium to large follicles.
No CLs
multiple CAs depending on how many times the female has ovulated or pregnant.
Describe what is present during the mature, luteal phase or pregnancy.
Small to medium follicles.
CL is present.
CA’s may or may not be present. It depends on if it is the females first time ovulating or being pregnant.
The maternal portion of the placentome is called the _____. The fetal portion of the placentome is called the _____.
Caruncle. Cotyledon.
What are necrotic tips? What kind of animals are they located in and what is their purpose?
Dead tissue on the ends of the placenta of the different fetuses.
It is only present in litter bearing species to stop disease transfer from different fetuses.
There are three different portions of the placentae?
The Amnion, allantois, and chorionic sac.
Describe the amnion.
The portion of the placentae that is directly around the fetus.
Describe the allantois.
Feeds into the amnion portion of the placentae. Separate sac coming down from the fetus.
Describe the chorion sac.
The rest of the placenta tissue.
What does the ovary do?
Production and release of Ova.
Production of estrogen and progesterone.
What does the oviduct do?
transport of unfertilized ova.
Fertilization.
Early embryonic development
What does the uterus do?
Sperm transport after breeding.
Support fetus development during preganancy.
What does the Cervix do?
Isolation of uterus during pregnancy
In sows, it is a site of semen deposition.
What does the broad ligament do?
Phsyically supports the uterus.
What does the vagina do?
Produces secretions that help neutralize invading organism.
Site of semen deposition for most animals.
What does the vulva do?
Expression of sexual receptivity.
Production of female sex pheromones.
What do the testis do?
Production of spermatozoa.
Production of testosterone and other androgens.
What do the epididymis do?
Maturation and storage of sperm.
What does the vas deferens do?
Sperm trasnport.
What does the Urethra do?
sperm transport.
Mixes sperm with secretions from secondary sex glands.
What do the seminal vesicles do?
Production of fluids in semen. Usually contributes the largest volume.
WHat do the bulbourethral glands do?
Production of fluids in semen, usually the “gel” fraction.
What does the penis do?
Deposition of semen into female reproduction tract.
What does the sheath do?
Protection of penis.
Production of male pheromones in some species.
What is unique about the ovaries from a horse?
No visible ovarian structures. The oviduct doesn’t surround ovary. Ovulation fossa.
How many ovarian structures can you see on the outside of the equine ovary?
NONE
What is unique about the oviduct in the horse?
Connects to only one place on ovary. Doesn’t surround it entirely.
Why does the uterus of the horse have a large uterine body?
Typically has one foal that is large so needs lots of space and support.
If you are reading a growth chart and it is in mm, what do you do??
Multiply your centimeter measurements by 10.
10 mm = 1 cm.
What is the function of the cotyledon on sheep/cattle fetus?
Nutrient exchange and waste removal.
Which female has the longest cervix?
Sow.
What is the best way to tell the difference between a tract from a ewe/doe and one from a cow?
Size.
What is the best way to tell that you are looking at a reproductive tract from a ram/buck?
The probocus! The tip of the penis has a projection.
What is common about the orientation of the epididymis and the testicles in both male tracts.
The epididymi form a “C” around testicle.
If the question asks for an animal, then you give what??
You have to give the correct name for the male or female animal for the species.
Ex: Boar, sow, bull, cow, mare, ewe, ram, buck, doe.
If the question asks for a species, what is it asking for?
Generic terms.
Ex: Pig, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats.
Porcine, bovine, ovine, caprine, equine, feline.
