Lab Operations Flashcards
What is a profit center?
A departement that generates billable services.
What is a cost center?
Part of a facility that provide services to benefit the entire institution but cannot be directly assigned an individual chargable item
What is a billable procedure?
A test for which the laboratory may issue a charge.
What is tort law?
Torts are harmful acts committed against a person or property that are wrong. The harm may be physical or emotional
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)?
Law desigend to implement security standards for handling protected health information which includes anything in the patient’s health record that could be used to identify the patient.
Refer to the symbol below:
What is the meaning for each color depicted?

- Blue → health hazard
- Red → fire hazard
- Yellow→ reactivity hazard
- White → Specific hazard
Refer to the symbol below:
What do the numbers respresent in the blue column?

- 4 = deadly
- 3 = extreme danger
- 2 = hazardous
- 1 = slightly hazardous
- 0 = normal
Refer to the symbol below:
What do the numbers represent in the yellow column?

Reactivity:
- 4 = may detonate
- 3 = shock / heat may detonate
- 2 = violent
- 1 = unstable if heated
- 0 = stable
Refer to the symbol below:
What do the numbers represent in the red column?

Flash points:
- 4 = below 73oF
- 3 = below 100oF
- 2 = between 100o - 200oF
- 1 = Above 200oF
- 0 = will not burn
Refer to the photo below.
What does this symbol mean?

Do not add water to substance.
Refer to the photo below.
What is the meaning of this symbol?

Radiation hazard
Refer to the photo below.
What is the meaning of this symbol?

Explosive hazard
Refer to the photo below.
What is the meaning of this symbol?

Flammable hazard
Refer to the photo below.
What is the meaning of this symbol?

Corrosive hazard
Refer to the photo below.
What is the meaning of this symbol?

Biohazard
TP gene has a frequency of 0.85 in the population. What is the gene frequency for it’s antithetical allele (TQ)?
TQ gene frequency = 0.15
How many centimeters are in 5 meters?
500 cm
What is the formula for converting celsius to farhenheit?
See below:

Refer to the illustration below:
What is this diagram called?

Gaussian curve
How is analyte concentration expressed in a percent solution?
The amount of solute per 100 total units of solution are expressed as:
- w/w = grams of solute per 100 g
- v/v = mililiters of solute per 100 ml
- w/v = grams / dL of solution
What is molarity?
Molarity describes the number of moles per 1 liter of solution.
What is molality?
Molality describes the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent (w/w).
What is normality?
Normality describes the number of gram equivalent weight per 1 liter of solution.
What solution is recommended by the CDC for disinfection of laboratory surfaces?
1:10 sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution
List 5 categories of fire, stating examples of combustible material for each category:
See table below:

What is quality management?
Quality management is a system - wide process of ensuring quality patient care.
List at least 3 instances in which you should wear gloves:
- Handling blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions and contaiminated items
- Touching mucous membranes and non-intact skin
- Before patient contact
- After gloves are removed
- Before entering designated break areas
- Before and after bathroom use
Define range.
How is it calculated?
Range represents extremes in a data set.
See below:

Define accuracy:
Accuracy calculates the closeness of a measurement to a specific value.
Define precision:
Precision is the variation of measurement related to each other.
Define mean.
How is it calculated?
The mean represents the average of a set of data points:
∑ = sum of all numbers in the data set
X = represents each data point within a set
N = the total amount of numbers included in the data set
See formula below:
Define median.
How is it calculated?
Median is the middle point in a set of data points arranged from lowest to highest.

See formula below:
Define mode.
How is it calculated?
Mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set.
See below:

Define coefficient of variation (CV).
How is it calculated?
CV is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean which compares the amount of variation from one data series to another

See below:
What is a random error?
Define systematic error:
Random Error
The unexpected difference between the test and reference method results.
Systematic Error
Differences in data sets run consistently in one direction (either higher or lower).
Define specificity.
How is it calculated?
Specificity describes the percent chance that the test will correctly identify a person that has the trait/disease.
Sensitivity = TP / TP + FN
- TP = true positive
- FN = false negative
What is the formula for calculating Negative Predictive Value (NPV)?
What does NPV measure?
NPV = TN / TN + FN
- TN = true negative
- FN = false negative
NPV measures the percent chance that a patient with a (-) result is disease free.
What is the formula for calculating Positive Predictive Value (PPV)?
What does PPV measure?
PPV = TP / TP + FP
- TP = true positive
- FP = false positive
Percent chance that a patient with a (+) result actually has the disease.
Refer to the illustration below.
What is this diagram called?

Levy - Jennings chart
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

12S violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

2<strong>2S</strong> violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

41S violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

R4S violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

31S violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

10X violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

7T violation
Refer to the illustration below:
Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

2 of 3S2 violation
Define osmotic pressure:
Osmotic Pressure is exerted when a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane to establish equilibrium concentration of different concentration.
The result is expressed as osmoles.
List a term that describes a branch of management that directs a group of individuals toward a designated goal:
Leadership