Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASM > LAB ONE > Flashcards

LAB ONE Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 branches of Anthropology?

A

Archaeology, cultural, biological, linguistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?

A

Sugar, phosphate, and a base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Archaeology?

A

Study of material culture of past human life and culture by examination of physical remains such as graves, tools, pottery(fossils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hypothesis

A

Provisional explanation of phenomenon- scientific problem or an assumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Law

A

A statement of fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Linguistic anthropology

A

Study of the difference of languages and the relationship between the language and the culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four bases on a strand of DNA?

A

Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, and cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACGT

A

TGCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological anthropology

A

The study of humans as organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does science mean?

A

The process of explaining natural phenomena through observation and experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scientific method

A

A hypothesis is suggested and data is collected to test hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Empirical

A

Something you can see or measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Binomial nomenclature?

A

A 2 name system created by Linnaeus to identify and group organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Evolution?

A

Change over time in the distribution of genes in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the 2 different types of hypothesis

A

Falsifiable which is capable of being proven wrong through observation

Un falsifiable: cannot be proven wrong no way to make observations to prove or disprove. Untestable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is Linnaeus?

A

A Swedish naturalists, one of the fathers if ecologist, created hierarchical naming and binomial nomenclature a 2 naming system to identify and group diff organisms. Genus and species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is Paley?

A

British philosopher and theologian who believed in a creator. Variation is unimportant, species are static and goal oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is Darwin?

A

naturalist Who Created the theory of Natural selection. Variation within species no goal orientation. Species evolve over time to better adapt to their environment. Over time can produce change in population or species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who is Buffon?

A

Buffon was a geologist who influenced Darwin with his idea that there was a dynamic relationship between organisms and an environment. 1700’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who is Lamarck?

A

Naturalists in 1800s believed in transmutation and inheritance of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who is Cuvier?

A

Geologist and creator Of paleontology. Against the idea of species change. Believed in catastrophism which meant great catastrophes were the explanation to extinct species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lyell?

A

Geological formations occur through gradual not catastrophic processes. UnIformitanism. The geological processes must operate slow and gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Malthus?

A

Economist who believed disease and famine act as a check on population growth competition for resources and only those best adapted will survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is UNIFORMITARISM ?

A

The geological processes observed today are the same as in the past so processes at work on the planet have been uniform per time. Geological process must be slow and gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Reproductive fitness?

A

Reproductive fitness is success producing offspring that grow to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Wallace?

A

Was developing same ideas as Darwin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What were the problems with Darwin’s theory?

A

Didn’t know how Variation happened or how inheritance worked.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Genetics?

A

The study of how genes work and how traits are transmitted from one generation to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Proteins?

A

Building blocks of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gene?

A

A sequence of DNA responsible for making a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

DNA?

A

A double helix structure located on the cell nucleus

31
Q

Who discovered DNA structure?

A

James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin created high quality image of the DNA

32
Q

How are base pairs grouped?

A

Adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine

33
Q

What are protein strands built out of?

A

Amino acids

34
Q

Eukaryotes?

A

Multiple called organism

36
Q

Prokaryote?

A

Single celled organisms like bacteria or anthrax

37
Q

How many Chromosomes?

A

46 or 23 pairs

38
Q

Somatic cells vs gametes

A

Somatic cells make up most of our bodies and gametes are the sex cells somatic are diplod

39
Q

Transcription?

A

Copying DNA into mRNA

40
Q

Translation?

A

Sequence of codons is translated into a sequence of amino acids

41
Q

RNA

A

RNA is single stranded and uses uracil instead of thymine

42
Q

Meiosis?

A

Gametes are created in this process and divide twice because when an egg and Sperm cell meet they combine and have 46 total.

43
Q

Mitosis?

A

Somatic cells make up the structure of the body and are not involved in reproduction. During this process they duplicate so each cell has a full new set of chromosomes.

44
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Some are eaten some are made by the body. 20 different kinda when combined make different proteins

45
Q

Erasmus?

A

Darwin’s grandpa who believed in gradual change and some form of evolution

46
Q

Natural selection:

A

A means of organisms adapting/changing to become better fit for their environment

47
Q

Genetic Drift

A

By chance allele frequencies change from generation to generation without regard to selection

48
Q

Gene flow:

A

The transfer of alleles of genes from one population or individual to another

49
Q

Mutation

A

A change in nucleotide sequence

50
Q

Law of segregation

A

Mendel’s law of segregation, states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

51
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Allele pairs separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes. This means traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another

52
Q

Replication

A

Strands unzip and free nucleotides re bind

53
Q

What causes mutation?

A

Copying errors or exposure to chemical mutagens, radiation, r viruses

54
Q

Mendel?

A

experimenting with pea plants he was able to identify that genes are passed down from both parents, can be identified in different ways and act as discreet units. The law of segregation and independent assortment

55
Q

Gene pool

A

The entire collection of alleles in a population

56
Q

Lineage?

A

An evolving species

57
Q

Speciation:

A

Producing new species from an old one

58
Q

Gradualistic Evolution

A

Gradual change of a species through time

59
Q

Genotype

A

Combination of your alleles

60
Q

Phenotype

A

Expressed physical appearance

61
Q

Point mutation

A

A single error in the genetic molecule

62
Q

Modern Synthesis is the combination of what?

A

Natural selection and genetics

63
Q

Mendelian simple

A

Found at a single locus
Only 2 alleles
Dominant or recessive

64
Q

Complex

A

Polygenic
More then 2 alleles
Can be partially dominant or partially expressed

65
Q

Mayr on species

A

Mary believed the key to identifying species is determining whether they share reproduction within a population of organisms and whether there are barriers to reproduction with other organisms. So using the idea of reproductive separation I species to answer the what and how when identifying species

66
Q

Problem with mayrs idea

A

Not all organisms like bacteria and eukaryotes engage in sexual reproduction. Therefore the idea that sexual reproduction defines species is not appropriate.

67
Q

Simpson on species

A

Simpson believed that a species is an evolutionary lineage that has evolved separately from other species. Organisms in a species share in the process of evolution. This covers organisms that do not engage in sexual reproduction

68
Q

Problem with Simpsons

A

It doesn’t cover birds or mammals or any organism with multiple species. It does cover those that do not engage in sexual reproduction

69
Q

Cultural anthropology

A

Study of societies and all aspects if human behavior

70
Q

Scientific Fact

A

Ideas that have been confirmed through controlled rigorous verified observation

71
Q

Theory

A

A model that explains diverse events

72
Q

Important functions of DNA

A

Making proteins and replicating itself

73
Q

Codon

A

3 bases grouped together=1

Each codon corresponds to one amino acid

74
Q

What does higher fitness mean?

A

Higher fitness means greater representation of advantageous traits in subsequent generations this differential success is called natural selection

75
Q

Insert deletion mutation

A

Insert or deletion of one or more nucleotides result in a different amino acid which could code for a different protein

76
Q

Crossing over

A

After replication of the chromosomes they go through a phase called crossing over during which alleles on the bono chromosomes (one mom and one dad) are randomly shuffled and pieces of the chromosome break off and switch with the same portions on its homo chromosome. this result in genetic mixing and variation among individual organisms

ASM (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions