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A&P I Lab > lab notes > Flashcards

lab notes Flashcards

1
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

the side of the body with the face

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2
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

the side of the body away from the face

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3
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

the side of the body with the belly

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4
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

the side of the body away from the belly

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5
Q

What does medial mean?

A

closer to the body’s midline

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6
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

farther away from the body’s midline

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7
Q

What does superior mean?

A

closer to the head of the body

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8
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

farther away from the head of the body

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9
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

closer to the surface

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10
Q

What does deep mean?

A

farther away from the surface

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11
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

closer to the point of attachment

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12
Q

What does distal mean?

A

farther away from the attachment site

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13
Q

What are body cavities?

A

hollow spaces in the body filled with organs & tissues

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14
Q

What are the 2 main body cavities?

A

the anterior/ventral body cavity & the posterior/dorsal body cavity

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the anterior/ventral body cavity?

A

larger cavity, located between collar bones & inferior end of torso, divided into thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

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16
Q

What are characteristics of the thoracic cavity?

A

space between collar bones & diaphragm muscle, divided into 2 pleural cavities & 1 pericardial cavity, contains the mediastinum

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17
Q

What are the pleural cavities?

A

each holds 1 lung & is lined with a serous membrane called pleura

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18
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

holds the heart & is lined with a serous membrane called pericardium

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19
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

a mass of “stuff” that fills the space between the pleural cavities & pericardial cavity

20
Q

What are characteristics of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

space between diaphragm & inferior edge of torso, divided into abdominal region & pelvic region

21
Q

What are characteristics of the abdominal region?

A

superior area, houses stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and parts of small & large intestines

22
Q

What are characteristics of the pelvic region?

A

inferior part, parts of small & large intestines, bladder, uterus, and ovaries

23
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

the serous membranes that line the abdominopelvic cavity

24
Q

What are characteristics of the posterior/dorsal body cavity?

A

smaller, divided into cranial cavity & spinal cavity, and contains the meninges

25
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

the space in the skull that holds the brain

26
Q

What is the spinal cavity?

A

space in vertebra that holds the spinal cord

27
Q

What are the meninges?

A

3 layers of membranes the line the posterior/dorsal body cavity

28
Q

What are the 2 types of membrane transport?

A

passive transport & active transport

29
Q

What is passive transport?

A

no ATP required; the 2 types are diffusion & osmosis

30
Q

What is diffusion?

A

net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

31
Q

What is osmosis?

A

net movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

32
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

the attraction/pull of water molecules to salt & sugar

33
Q

What is crenation?

A

when a cell collapses

34
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

when a cell explodes

35
Q

What is tonicity?

A

concentration of solutes (ex. sugars & salts)

36
Q

What does hypertonic mean?

A

more salty/sugary

37
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

less salty/sugary

38
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

the same amount of salt/sugar

39
Q

What is active transport?

A

hard to do - requires ATP; it moves molecules against their concentration gradient (from lower to higher)

40
Q

What are the types of active transport that involve moving large molecules into or out of the cell?

A

endocytosis: moves molecules into cell & exocytosis: moves molecules out of cell

41
Q

What are the meninges in order from deep to superficial?

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater, & dura mater

42
Q

What are the spaces in between the meninges?

A

epidural space, subdural space, & subarachnoid space

43
Q

What is the outer zone of the cord made of?

A

mostly white matter organized into white matter columns

44
Q

What is the deeper area of the cord made of?

A

gray matter organized into gray matter horns

45
Q

What is the gray commissure?

A

thin strip of gray matter that connects the left & right sides of gray matter together

46
Q

What is the central canal?

A

small passageway for CSF in the center of the gray commissure

47
Q

Each mixed spinal nerve branches into 3 parts, which are what?

A

rami communicantes, dorsal ramus, & ventral ramus

A&P I Lab (1 decks)

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