LAB MIDTERM Flashcards
what is blood pressure
function of arterial blood flow per minute (Q) and the vascular resistance to the flow (TPR)
1st Korotkoff Sound
Systolic - pressure against artery walls by blood when heart beats
2nd Korotkoff Sound
Diastolic - pressure against artery walls by blood during rest
increase in exercise effect on blood pressure
systolic increases, diastolic remains the same (or decreases slightly due to vasodilation)
Normal BP
<120/<80
Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension
> 160/>100
Cardiac Output (Q)
total volume of blood pumped by ventricle per minute [L of blood/min]
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
cumulative resistance (pressure) of vasculature - mostly located in arterioles
Information that can be obtained from ECG
heart rate, heart rhythm, axis/orientation, hypertrophy, Ischemia/MI (depression/elevation), CAD
Ischemia
reduced oxygen to myocardium, appears on ECG as ST segment depression
Myocardial Infarction
ECG determines extent and location of damage, appears on ECG as ST segment elevation
order of intrinsic conduction
SA node -> AV node -> AV Bundle -> Bundle Branches -> Purkinje Fibers
P wave
atrial depolarization
QRS Complex
ventricular depolarization (and atrial repolarization) - size of ventricles directly related to height/size of peak
ST segment
early ventricular depolarization - elevation/depression represents problems with blood flow
T wave
late ventricular repolarization
purpose of resting ECG
taken laying on back, used to establish baseline for comparison, can be used to detect heart conditions such as hypertrophy, ischemia, MI damage, etc.
graded exercise ECG
used to observe BP and HR response to exercise, some diseases may respond normally at rest, but abnormally with stress of exercise