LAB MATH, QC, QA Flashcards
number of moles of solute per liter of solution
MOLARITY
number of moles of solute per kilogram solvent
MOLALITY
number of gram equivalent weights per liter of solution
NORMALITY
amount of solute per 100 total units of solution; often expressed as g/dL (%) or g/L if no %
NORMALITY
GLUCOSE
0.0555
UREA
0.167
BUN
0.357
URIC ACID
0.0595
CHOLESTEROL
0.026
TRIGLYCERIDE
0.0113
CREATININE
88.4
BILIRUBIN
17.1
AMMONIA
0.588
average or arithmetic mean; center of the Levey-Jennings chart/ Gaussian Curve
MEAN
middle point of a data set after the values have been rank-ordered
MEDIAN
most frequently occurring value in a data set
MODE
distribution of data points around the mean; square root of variance (𝑠2)
STANDARD DEVIATION
low value means HIGH PRECISION
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
difference between the highest and lowest values, however not reliable when there are OUTLIERS
RANGE
term used when data points are distributed symmetrically around the mean (bell curve)
GAUSSIAN/NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
compares the means of 2 groups of data or the accuracy of 2 methods
T-TEST
compares the SDs of 2 groups of data or the precision of 2 methods
F-TEST
plotted at the X-AXIS or abscissa
IV/Reference Method
plotted at the Y-AXIS or ordinate
DV/New Method
ability of the analytical method to detect the proportion of individuals with the disease
DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY
generate TRUE POSITIVE results
DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY
required in SCREENING TESTS
DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY
ability of the analytical method to detect the proportion of healthy individuals without the disease
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY
generate TRUE NEGATIVE results
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY
required in CONFIRMATORY TESTS
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY
probability that a positive test indicates disease
PPV (Positive Predicative Value)
probability that a negative test indicates disease
NPV (Negative Predicative Value)
ability of an analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest
ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITY
ability of an analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest
ANALYTICAL SPECIFICITY
overall process that encompasses quality assurance, benchmarking, and other aspects that provide for quality improvement to meet set standard
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
a systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that services needed in patient care would be satisfied
QUALITY ASSURANCE
is a tripod of program development, assessment and monitoring, and quality improvement
QUALITY ASSURANCE
3 PHASES
PREANALYTICAL PHASE ANALYTICAL PHASE POSTANALYTICAL PHASE
a system or process of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory
QUALITY CONTROL
monitoring the characteristics of the analytical process and detects errors during testing to prevent releasing of inaccurate test results
QUALITY CONTROL
the nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the true/targeted value
ACCURACY
ability to produce a series of results that agree closely to each other
PRECISION
commonly expressed in terms of Coefficient of Variation
PRECISION
involves the analysis of at least 2 levels of control every 24 hours
INTERNAL/INTRALABORATORY QC
for daily monitoring of accuracy and precision of analytical methods
INTERNAL/INTRALABORATORY QC
involves testing samples of unknown concentration of analytes sent periodically by regulatory agencies to participating laboratories
EXTERNAL/INTER-LABORATORY QC
ALSO KNOWN AS PROFICIENCY TESTING
EXTERNAL/INTER-LABORATORY QC
National Reference Laboratory for Clin Chem?
LUNG CENTER
present in all measurements due to unpredictable cause
RANDOM ERROR
change in precision
RANDOM ERROR
due to predictable causes
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
change in accuracy
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
formed by control values that distribute themselves on one
SHIFT
formed by control values that continue to increase or decrease
TREND
highly deviating control values caused by random/systematic errors
OUTLIERS
most used histogram in QC
SHEWHART-LEVEY JENNINGS CHART
algebraic sum of the difference between each QC
CUMMULATIVE SUM (CUSUM)
graphical technique for analyzing interlaboratory data
TONKS – YOUDEN PLOT
compares a laboratory’s productivity with that of other laboratories to find out what processes or resources have been used to achieve high productivity
BENCHMARKING:
also known as “deming cycle”; most commonly used in laboratories
PDCA CYCLE:
element of total quality management (tqm) that strives to continually improve practices and not just meet established standards
CONTINUOUS QUALITY MANAGEMENT ( CQM ):
system applied to reduce the frequency of test errors or also known as defects per million opportunities (dpmo); acceptable errors: 3 errors per million tests
SIX SIGMA:
processes made by personnel to improve turnaround time
LEAN
