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SEM 4: Haematology > Lab Investigations of The FBC > Flashcards

Lab Investigations of The FBC Flashcards

1
Q

Where does blood cell production occur?

A

In the bone marrow of long bones

- Maturation also occurs here and then mature cells are within peripheral blood.

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2
Q

What is the difference between centrifuged blood and blood left on the side?

A

Centrifuged blood is mixed and the right tube needs to be used.

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3
Q

What is used to stop blood clotting?

A

EDTA

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4
Q

What is an FBC?

A

Full blood count: Gives RBC results, WBC results, Platelet results and Others such as warning flags

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5
Q

What is the most commonly used blood test?

A

Full blood count

The reticulocyte count is less common

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6
Q

What are the RBC results given from an FBC?

A 
Hb: concentration of Hb
Hct: % of blood volume as RBC 
MCV: Average size of RBC 
MCH: Average Hb content of RBC 
RDW: Range of deviation around RBC size 
Reticulocyte count 
Blood film
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7
Q

What are the WBC results given from an FBC?

A

Total WBC and differential

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils

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8
Q

What are the platelet results given from an FBC?

A

Platelet count and size

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9
Q

What are some warning flags that can be given from a FBC?

A

Unidentifiable/flagged

- Cells should not be in a full blood count

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10
Q

What is a blood film important for?

A

Confirming numbers and morphology (are the cells ‘normal’)

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11
Q

How can RBC look on a blood film?

A
  • Size: big or small - anisocytosis
  • Colour: Hb content
  • Shape: round, TDP, irregular, elliptocytes - poikilocytosis
  • Polychromasia: reticulocytes (different colour)
  • Inclusions on blood films
  • Need to confirm size + Hb content
  • The shape of RBC which is why the blood film is important
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12
Q

How can WBC look on a blood film?

A
  • Numbers: too many, too few
  • Normal morphology - dysplastic features
  • Immature cells: Myelocytes, precursors
  • Abnormal cells: blasts, atypical lymphoid cells
  • Inclusions
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13
Q

How are pink transfusion requests filled in?

A

By law, they have to be written by hand

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14
Q

How are bloods tracked? Why are they tracked?

A

Everything is barcoded to keep everything tracked. More than 1600 FBC samples/day are processed.

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15
Q

What does a full blood count analyzer show?

A
  • Show appearance of no. first after machine

- Plot based on light refraction

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16
Q

What does IDA look like on a blood film compared to a normal blood film?

A
  • Lost area of central pallor

- Elliptocytes or (penial cells) - really skinny elliptocytes

17
Q

What does macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia look like on a blood film?

A
  • Large RBC
  • Lymphocytes are the same size as RBC
  • No gastric cells so B12 deficiency
18
Q

What does acquired haemolytic anaemia look like on a blood film?

A
  • Polychromasia
  • Spherocytes
  • Slightly purple as big reticulocytes show polychromasia
19
Q

What can a Haematology Report show for RBC disorders?

A
  • Show Hb levels
  • Show MCV size
  • and more
20
Q

What does SCA look like on a blood film?

A
  • Target cells
  • Purple reticulocytes which die in about 3 weeks
  • Sickle-shaped cells
21
Q

When are teardrop poikilocytosis seen on a blood film?

A
  • In myelofibrosis or bone marrow infiltration with malignant disease (cancer)
22
Q

What does plethoric mean?

A

Red-faced

23
Q

What does neutrophil leucocytosis look like?

A
  • Too many cells
  • Infection and dehydration
  • Increase in neutrophils
24
Q

What does a Haemotology Report show for WBC disorders?

A
  • WBC count
  • Hb amount
  • MCV
25
Q

What does a blood film of someone with acute myeloblastic leukaemia look like?

A
  • Don’t produce normal healthy cells

- Abnormal blast cells-> pick up as WBC but not

26
Q

What is another way of diagnosing acute leukemia?

A

By looking at the amount of each cell in a blood sample.

- More white cells in a patient

27
Q

What does large WBC on a haematology report usually show?

A
  • Usually shows a lot of neutrophils
28
Q

What does someone with chronic granulocytic leukemia show?

A
  • All stages of cell maturation will be represented.
29
Q

What does the malarial parasitization of red cells look like on a blood film?

A
  • Malaria parasite will be in a blood test

- Also, a malarial antigen test can also show the antigen present.

SEM 4: Haematology (8 decks)

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