Lab Introduction

Question 1

Coarse adjustment knob

Answer 1

The large adjustment knob for use on scanning magnification to bring slide into focus, located on each side of the microscope

Question 2

Fine adjustment knob

Answer 2

The smaller knob adjacent to coarse adjustment knob is used to focus on the slide on the intermediate and high magnifications

Question 3

Slide stage & clip

Answer 3

Where to place the slide to view through the binocular eyepieces, the clip holds the slide into place

Question 4

Stage X and Y knobs

Answer 4

These knobs move the slide stage along the X and Y axis, move to view different parts of the slide

Question 5

Reproductive structures in angiosperms

Answer 5

flowers

Question 6

Reproductive structures in gymnosperms

Answer 6

cones

Question 7

Types of tissue systems in plants

Answer 7

Vascular, dermal, ground

Question 8

Dermal tissue components & function

Answer 8

Components are epidermis and periderm. Functions include protection and prevention of water loss

Question 9

Ground tissue components & function

Answer 9

Components are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Functions include photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support and protection

Question 10

Vascular tissue components & function

Answer 10

Components are xylem and phloem. Functions include transport of water and minerals, transport of food

Question 11

This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a median cut along the length of the stem (l.s)

Answer 11

Longitudinal section

Question 12

This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a cross cut of the stem (c.s)

Answer 12

Cross section

Question 13

This indicates that a whole structure or organism was placed on the slide (w.m.)

Answer 13

Whole mount

Question 14

What is included on the slide description

Answer 14

Type of plant, section of plant, and location on the plant

Question 15

Which cells are the most numerous type of cells in plants

Answer 15

Parenchyma

Question 16

Parenchyma cells

Answer 16

Thin-walled, living cells that are found in many tissues within a plant.

Question 17

Commonly used to stain starch within parenchyma cells

Answer 17

Iodine

Question 18

Collenchyma cells

Answer 18

Provide flexible support to young stems as well as leaves. Unevenly thickened cell walls and are elongated

Question 19

Epidermis

Answer 19

The thin outer covering for a plant that is usually a single cell layer thick

Question 20

Collenchyma cells may form

Answer 20

A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support

Question 21

Collenchyma cells may form

Answer 21

A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support

Question 22

Celery strings are strands of

Answer 22

Collenchyma cells that provide support to the stalk

Question 23

Sclerenchyma cells

Answer 23

Provide a more rigid support as they are very thick, tough secondary walls, and are dead at maturity

Question 24

.

Answer 24

Collenchyma in celery example

Question 25

Sclereids shape and can be found where

Answer 25

More or less isodiametric in shape and about the same dimensions. Found in pears, nutshells, and seed coats

Question 26

Fibers shape and can be found where

Answer 26

Long and tapered and are particularly abundant in leaves and in the phloem

Question 27

Fibers (sclerenchyma cell) function

Answer 27

Provides support in many tissues of stems, roots, and leaves.

Question 28

Non-plant photosynthetic organisms

Answer 28

Bacteria and Protists

Question 29

Protist species include

Answer 29

Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs

Question 30

Anabaena characteristics

Answer 30

Cyanobacterial species that forms filamentous colonies, fixes nitrogen, and is photosynthetic

Question 31

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 31

The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

Question 32

Why is nitrogen fixation important

Answer 32

In nitrogen cycles of ecosystems and increases the nitrogen available to plants

Question 33

Euglena evolved through secondary endosymbiosis is

Answer 33

Green alga, which is now the chloroplast contained within the cytoplasm.

Question 34

Diatoms structure

Answer 34

ornate glass-like cell walls composed of silica that fit together like a box

Question 35

Volvox characteristics

Answer 35

Photosynthetic, colonial green alga. Composed of cells connected by cytoplasmic strands, embedded in a gelatinous matrix

Question 36

Air chambers function

Answer 36

Allow diffusion of CO2 and O2

Question 37

Photosynthetic cells function

Answer 37

Contain chlorophyll that catch light

Question 38

Non-photosynthetic cells function

Answer 38

Convert energy through food

Question 39

Pores function

Answer 39

Photosynthesis occurs through these

Question 40

Rhizoids function

Answer 40

Anchor the thallus to the soil

Question 41

Cuticle function

Answer 41

Covers the epidermis and retains water

Question 42

Palisade mesophyll function

Answer 42

Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight

Question 43

Spongy mesophyll function

Answer 43

Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight

Question 44

Vascular bundle (vein) function

Answer 44

Transport system for food and water

Question 45

Stomata function

Answer 45

Tiny opening in the epidermis for gas exchange

Question 46

Guard cells function

Answer 46

Regulate stomata for gas exchange

Question 47

Guard cells function

Answer 47

Regulate stomata for gas exchange

Question 48

What is transported through the xylem?

Answer 48

Water and mineral nutrients

Question 49

What is transported through the phloem

Answer 49

Foods like sugars

Question 50

What is transported through the phloem

Answer 50

Carbs and sugars