Lab Introduction Flashcards
Coarse adjustment knob
The large adjustment knob for use on scanning magnification to bring slide into focus, located on each side of the microscope
Fine adjustment knob
The smaller knob adjacent to coarse adjustment knob is used to focus on the slide on the intermediate and high magnifications
Slide stage & clip
Where to place the slide to view through the binocular eyepieces, the clip holds the slide into place
Stage X and Y knobs
These knobs move the slide stage along the X and Y axis, move to view different parts of the slide
Reproductive structures in angiosperms
flowers
Reproductive structures in gymnosperms
cones
Types of tissue systems in plants
Vascular, dermal, ground
Dermal tissue components & function
Components are epidermis and periderm. Functions include protection and prevention of water loss
Ground tissue components & function
Components are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Functions include photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support and protection
Vascular tissue components & function
Components are xylem and phloem. Functions include transport of water and minerals, transport of food
This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a median cut along the length of the stem (l.s)
Longitudinal section
This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a cross cut of the stem (c.s)
Cross section
This indicates that a whole structure or organism was placed on the slide (w.m.)
Whole mount
What is included on the slide description
Type of plant, section of plant, and location on the plant
Which cells are the most numerous type of cells in plants
Parenchyma
Parenchyma cells
Thin-walled, living cells that are found in many tissues within a plant.
Commonly used to stain starch within parenchyma cells
Iodine
Collenchyma cells
Provide flexible support to young stems as well as leaves. Unevenly thickened cell walls and are elongated
Epidermis
The thin outer covering for a plant that is usually a single cell layer thick
Collenchyma cells may form
A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support
Collenchyma cells may form
A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support
Celery strings are strands of
Collenchyma cells that provide support to the stalk
Sclerenchyma cells
Provide a more rigid support as they are very thick, tough secondary walls, and are dead at maturity
.
Collenchyma in celery example
Sclereids shape and can be found where
More or less isodiametric in shape and about the same dimensions. Found in pears, nutshells, and seed coats
Fibers shape and can be found where
Long and tapered and are particularly abundant in leaves and in the phloem
Fibers (sclerenchyma cell) function
Provides support in many tissues of stems, roots, and leaves.
Non-plant photosynthetic organisms
Bacteria and Protists
Protist species include
Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
Anabaena characteristics
Cyanobacterial species that forms filamentous colonies, fixes nitrogen, and is photosynthetic
Nitrogen fixation
The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Why is nitrogen fixation important
In nitrogen cycles of ecosystems and increases the nitrogen available to plants
Euglena evolved through secondary endosymbiosis is
Green alga, which is now the chloroplast contained within the cytoplasm.
Diatoms structure
ornate glass-like cell walls composed of silica that fit together like a box
Volvox characteristics
Photosynthetic, colonial green alga. Composed of cells connected by cytoplasmic strands, embedded in a gelatinous matrix
Air chambers function
Allow diffusion of CO2 and O2
Photosynthetic cells function
Contain chlorophyll that catch light
Non-photosynthetic cells function
Convert energy through food
Pores function
Photosynthesis occurs through these
Rhizoids function
Anchor the thallus to the soil
Cuticle function
Covers the epidermis and retains water
Palisade mesophyll function
Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight
Spongy mesophyll function
Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight
Vascular bundle (vein) function
Transport system for food and water
Stomata function
Tiny opening in the epidermis for gas exchange
Guard cells function
Regulate stomata for gas exchange
Guard cells function
Regulate stomata for gas exchange
What is transported through the xylem?
Water and mineral nutrients
What is transported through the phloem
Foods like sugars
What is transported through the phloem
Carbs and sugars
