Lab Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Coarse adjustment knob

A

The large adjustment knob for use on scanning magnification to bring slide into focus, located on each side of the microscope

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2
Q

Fine adjustment knob

A

The smaller knob adjacent to coarse adjustment knob is used to focus on the slide on the intermediate and high magnifications

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3
Q

Slide stage & clip

A

Where to place the slide to view through the binocular eyepieces, the clip holds the slide into place

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4
Q

Stage X and Y knobs

A

These knobs move the slide stage along the X and Y axis, move to view different parts of the slide

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5
Q

Reproductive structures in angiosperms

A

flowers

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6
Q

Reproductive structures in gymnosperms

A

cones

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7
Q

Types of tissue systems in plants

A

Vascular, dermal, ground

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8
Q

Dermal tissue components & function

A

Components are epidermis and periderm. Functions include protection and prevention of water loss

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9
Q

Ground tissue components & function

A

Components are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Functions include photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support and protection

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10
Q

Vascular tissue components & function

A

Components are xylem and phloem. Functions include transport of water and minerals, transport of food

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11
Q

This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a median cut along the length of the stem (l.s)

A

Longitudinal section

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12
Q

This indicates that the tissue observed on the slide came from a cross cut of the stem (c.s)

A

Cross section

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13
Q

This indicates that a whole structure or organism was placed on the slide (w.m.)

A

Whole mount

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14
Q

What is included on the slide description

A

Type of plant, section of plant, and location on the plant

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15
Q

Which cells are the most numerous type of cells in plants

A

Parenchyma

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16
Q

Parenchyma cells

A

Thin-walled, living cells that are found in many tissues within a plant.

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17
Q

Commonly used to stain starch within parenchyma cells

A

Iodine

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18
Q

Collenchyma cells

A

Provide flexible support to young stems as well as leaves. Unevenly thickened cell walls and are elongated

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19
Q

Epidermis

A

The thin outer covering for a plant that is usually a single cell layer thick

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20
Q

Collenchyma cells may form

A

A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support

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21
Q

Collenchyma cells may form

A

A cylinder beneath the epidermis or as vertical strands forming “ribs” for support

22
Q

Celery strings are strands of

A

Collenchyma cells that provide support to the stalk

23
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

Provide a more rigid support as they are very thick, tough secondary walls, and are dead at maturity

24
Q

.

A

Collenchyma in celery example

25
Q

Sclereids shape and can be found where

A

More or less isodiametric in shape and about the same dimensions. Found in pears, nutshells, and seed coats

26
Q

Fibers shape and can be found where

A

Long and tapered and are particularly abundant in leaves and in the phloem

27
Q

Fibers (sclerenchyma cell) function

A

Provides support in many tissues of stems, roots, and leaves.

28
Q

Non-plant photosynthetic organisms

A

Bacteria and Protists

29
Q

Protist species include

A

Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs

30
Q

Anabaena characteristics

A

Cyanobacterial species that forms filamentous colonies, fixes nitrogen, and is photosynthetic

31
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

32
Q

Why is nitrogen fixation important

A

In nitrogen cycles of ecosystems and increases the nitrogen available to plants

33
Q

Euglena evolved through secondary endosymbiosis is

A

Green alga, which is now the chloroplast contained within the cytoplasm.

34
Q

Diatoms structure

A

ornate glass-like cell walls composed of silica that fit together like a box

35
Q

Volvox characteristics

A

Photosynthetic, colonial green alga. Composed of cells connected by cytoplasmic strands, embedded in a gelatinous matrix

36
Q

Air chambers function

A

Allow diffusion of CO2 and O2

37
Q

Photosynthetic cells function

A

Contain chlorophyll that catch light

38
Q

Non-photosynthetic cells function

A

Convert energy through food

39
Q

Pores function

A

Photosynthesis occurs through these

40
Q

Rhizoids function

A

Anchor the thallus to the soil

41
Q

Cuticle function

A

Covers the epidermis and retains water

42
Q

Palisade mesophyll function

A

Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight

43
Q

Spongy mesophyll function

A

Contain chloroplasts that absorb sunlight

44
Q

Vascular bundle (vein) function

A

Transport system for food and water

45
Q

Stomata function

A

Tiny opening in the epidermis for gas exchange

46
Q

Guard cells function

A

Regulate stomata for gas exchange

47
Q

Guard cells function

A

Regulate stomata for gas exchange

48
Q

What is transported through the xylem?

A

Water and mineral nutrients

49
Q

What is transported through the phloem

A

Foods like sugars

50
Q

What is transported through the phloem

A

Carbs and sugars