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RAT 2001C Lab > Lab Info > Flashcards

Lab Info Flashcards

1
Q

How are headrest differentiated?

A

“clear” formed plastic
“solid” molded polyurethane form
by angle of the head

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2
Q

When would you use a solid headrest?

A

when treating the thorax or pelvis, etc

not the head, neck, or brain

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3
Q

When would you use a clear headrest?

A

when treating the head, neck, or brain

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4
Q

What other devices might you use under a patient’s head?

A

pillow(s), blue angle sponge/knee sponge

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5
Q

What is the purpose of using an index bar?

A

to ensure that the patient is positioned at the same location on the table for each treatment

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6
Q

What is the purpose of using a vac bag?

A

to immobilize a treatment area

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7
Q

What types of treatment might you use an “upper” vac bag for?

A

thorax, breast, upper extremity

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8
Q

What types of treatment might you use a “lower” vac bag for?

A

pelvis (including prostate), lower extremity

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9
Q

What device can help alleviate some back pain/pressure for patients while on the table?

A

angle sponge/knee sponge

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10
Q

What immobilization device is commonly used for thoracic treatments?

A

upper vac bag, wing board

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11
Q

What immobilization device is commonly used for treatment to the pelvic region?

A

lower vac bag

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12
Q

What immobilization device is commonly used for head & neck treatment?

A

S-frame/ IMRT board

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13
Q

What is the purpose of “jump ropes”?

A

to pull the patients shoulders down (inferior) and out of the way of the treatment field

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14
Q

In humans alligned in anatomical position, where is the center of gravity?

A

Sacral Level 2

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15
Q

When transferring a patient how should the health professional stand? How does this position help?

A

standing with feet farther apart with one foot placed slightly in front of the other
inceases the base of support and improves stability

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16
Q

When moving heavy objects where should the object be held?

A

at the mover’s center of gravity, sacral level 2

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17
Q

How can stability be achieved?

A

placing body’s center of gravity over its base of support

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18
Q

When does instability occur?

A

when the center of gravity moves beyond the boundaries base of support

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19
Q

How should lifting be done?

A

by bending and straightening the knees
the back should be kept straight or in a postition of slightly increased lumbar lordosis
never twist or bend sideways while supporting wieght

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20
Q

When performing a tansfer, what should you ask the patient?

A

whether they can move independently

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21
Q

It is better to let patients do as much as they can with transfers. True/False

A

True

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22
Q

Why would the technologist want the patient to help as much as they can with a transfer?

A

minimizes trauma to patient\
avoids stress on the clinician
enhances rapport and mutual respect between the patient and technologist

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23
Q

Be protective in transfers of patients with..

A

diagnoses like
lower extremity or pelvis girdle fractures
painful, inflamed, or unstable joints
any weakened or delibilated condition

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24
Q

Before the transfer you must always…

A

inform the patient of what you are going to do and how you intend to proceed

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25
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

How can it affect a patient?

A

a form of low blood pressure that happens when one stands up. It can make patients feel dizzy, lightheaded, and may cause them to faint

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26
Q

Look over principles of safe wheelchair transfers

Body mechanics, principles of lifting handout

A

Look over principles of safe wheelchair transfers

Body mechanics, principles of lifting handout

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27
Q

Principles of lifting

A

technologist should stand with feet apart to increase base of support
patients center of gravity (S-2) should be held close to the clinicians center of gravity (s-2) this posistion is the best advantage for lifting
Keep back stationary, let legs do all the lifting
Do not tist or bend

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28
Q

What are the four types of wheelchair transfers technologists use?

A

standby assist
assisted standing pivot
two-person lift
hydraulic lift

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29
Q

What is the first thing to determine during wheelchair transfers?

A

whether the patient has a strong side and a weak side or whether both sides equal

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30
Q

Always position the patient so that he or she transfers toward the strong side. Tre/False

A

True

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31
Q

In all wheelchair transfer you should make sure the wheelchair’s…

A

wheels are locked

footrests are removed or folded out of the way so they do not obstruct patient movement

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32
Q

How should you execute the wheelchair transfer

A

let the patient do as much as they can

execute transfer slowly with grace and control so the patient feels secure

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33
Q

How should you position the wheelchair in regards to the table?

A

45 degree angle to table

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34
Q

Instructions for wheelchair patient

A
  1. Scoot your pelvis to the front of the wheelchair
  2. put your hands on the arms of the wheelchair
  3. lean forward with your nose over your toes and stand up
  4. reach for and hold the table with the closest hand to the table
  5. pivot so you are standing with your pelvis against the table
  6. sit down gently on the table
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35
Q

What kind of lift if used for patients who cannot transfer independently but can bear weight on their legs?

A

standing pivot technique

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36
Q

What the steps for a standing pivot technique?

A
  1. Position wheelchair at a 45-degree angle to the table with the patient’s stronger side closest to the table
  2. move wheelchair footrests out of the way
  3. lock wheelchair wheels
  4. have the patient push down on the arms of the wheelchair to assisit in rising with patient’s nose over toes
  5. Bend at the knees, keep your back straight, and grasp the patient’s waistband or a transfer belt with both hands
  6. Patient’s feet and knees must be blocked to provide stability, especially for patient’s that have muscle weakness and may not be able to move or feel sensation in lower extremeties
  7. Technologist places one foot outside the patients foot while the knee is placed at the medial (inside) surface of the patient’s knee
  8. as patient rises to standing position rise also by strenthening your kneees
  9. When patient is ready both of you pivot toward the table until the patient can feel the table against the back of the thighs
  10. ask patient to support him or herself on the table with both hands and to sit down
  11. help the patient sit by gradually lowering him or her to the table. make sure lowering comes from technologist’s knees
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37
Q

What is paraparetic?

A

partial paralysis of the lower limbs

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38
Q

What is hemiplegic?

A

total or partial paralysis on one side of the body that results from disease of or injury to the motor centers of the brain

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39
Q

What is a two-person lift?

A

some patient’s cannot bear weight on their lower extremities and must be lifted onto table. if patient is lightweight a two-person lift can be used
stronger person should lift the patient’s torso while the second person lifts the patient’s feet.
Person lifting the torso usually direct’s the other person’s actions

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40
Q

Steps for two-person lift

A
  1. Verbally plan out the procedure
  2. position wheelchair parallel to the table
  3. lock wheelchair wheels, remove armrests, and swing away or remove footrests
  4. ask patient to cross arms over the vhest
    stronger person stands behind patient, reaches under the patient’s axillae, and grasps patient’s crossed forearms
  5. second paerson squats in front of the patient and cradles patients thighs in one hadna dn calves in the other
  6. On command, patient is lifted to clear the wheelchair and is moved as a unti to the desired place
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41
Q

What does verbal planning help with in a two-person lift?

A

enables a coordinated effort among the people doing the transfer and the patient
allows for troubleshooting before the execution of the transfer

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42
Q

When would you use a hydraulic lift?

A

when patient is too heavy to lift manually

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43
Q

should professionals familiarize themselves with and practice using the equipment before attempting to lift a patient?

A

yes

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44
Q

What is needed from the patient for a hydraulic lift?

A

the patient needs to be to arrive sitting on a transfer sling

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45
Q

What if patient arrives for hydraulic lift without a sling

A

Call and duiscuss the need for a sling

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46
Q

Cart/Stretcher Transfers steps

A

1.stretchers wheels must be as close to table as possible and then secured (engaing wheel locks might not be enough to keep stretcher from moving)
2.

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47
Q

What is used to help with a cart/stretcher transfer?

A

commercially manufactured moving devices
smooth, thin sheets of plastic
canvas or plastic over small rollers
all designed to be used as aids during cart-to-table transfers

48
Q

Steps for a stretcher transfer w/out a moving device

A

a draw sheet is needed

  1. check that sheet is properly positioned for transfer
  2. roll up the draw sheet on both sides of the patient
  3. person directing transfer should support patient’s head and upper body from far side of the table
  4. second person should support the patient’s legs from the far side of the table
  5. third person should support patient’s pelvis from the stretcher side- this person makes sure stretcher does not move away from the table during the transfer
  6. patient’s arms should be crossed over chest to avoid injury or interference with a smooth transfer
  7. person at patient’s head gives the command and directs the transfer.
  8. On command, everyone grasps the rolled up sheet and slowly pulls the patient to the edge of the cart
  9. patient is slowly lifted and positioned on table
49
Q

What are radiation therapy tattoos used for?

A

patient allignment

50
Q

typicall how many tattoos is a patient given?

A

3

51
Q

Where are radition therpay tattoos usually placed?

A

anterior or posterior tattoo and a lateral tattoo on each side

52
Q

Depending on treatment can patients have more than usual tattoos?

A

yes

53
Q

When and how are radiation therapy tattoos normally given?

A

using a beveled needle and India ink during CT Simulation or on the 1st day of treatment, depends on clinics process

54
Q

What size guage is used for tattooing?

A

18-gauge needles (higher the gauge smaller the needle)

55
Q

how should needle be placed during tattooing?

A

bevel up

56
Q

can you use one needle on multiple patients?

A

no, after use needle must be discarded in sharps container

57
Q

What should you never do with a needle?

A

recap it, it puts everyone at risk of an inadvertent needle puncture

58
Q

What is a ‘clean stick’

A

you puncture your skin with a clean needle

59
Q

What is a ‘dirty stick’?

A

you puncture more than one person’s skin with the same needle

60
Q

Should you wear gloves while tattooing?

A

Always

61
Q

Why shouldn’t you put on gloves when you start the process of opening any tattoo related packaging?

A

it can be difficult to open with gloves on, you dont want to give the patient anxiety about your skill level

62
Q

How much ink should you use for tattooing?

A

only a small amount exactly where you want to tattoo

63
Q

Steps to tattooing a patient

A
  1. use a “sharpei” style marker to make a cross where the laser appears on the patient’s skin
  2. put a drop of ink in the center of the cross where you intend to tattoo
  3. keep needle bevel up and as flat as possible, parallel to patients skin (not at an angle)
  4. slide your needle to pick up some ink, then poke needle into the most superficial layers of skin
  5. use an alchohol swab to check to make sure the tattoo is visible
  6. discard the needle in the sharps container
  7. apply a bandage if patient is bleeding
64
Q

What are some tattooing systems used?

A

India ink + 18 (or 18.5) gauge needle
SteriTatt Cartridge + 18 (or18.5) gauge needle
Acu-Tatt + 18 (or 18.5) gauge needle

65
Q

What are other names for vac bags?

A

cradle, vc-lock, bag

66
Q

How are upper vac bags normally used?

A

in conjunction with a wing board to immobilize the thorax

may also be used in breast treatment setups

67
Q

What is the focus when making an upper vac bag?

A

forming the bag around the patients arms and ensuring that the patient can feel where to posistion his or her head for every treatment

68
Q

What position must you make sure patient is in in regards to a vac bag?

A

patients elbows are adducted (towards midline) enough to fit through the ct machine bore and gantry clearance issues

69
Q

Where should you make sure the upper vac bag is not placed when making an upper vac bag?

A

not placed under the patients entire thorax

70
Q

What are lower vac bags used for?

A

to immobilize anything inferior to the waistline (pelvis, prostate, cervix, femur etc)

71
Q

Where should a lower vac bag not be placed while making it?

A

not placed under patients buttocks

72
Q

in most situations what position should the patient be in for making a lower vac bag?

A

patients legs far apart and shoes/footwear off

73
Q

Steps to produce vac bag

A
  1. choose a vac bag size that matches the anatomical area you need to immobilize
  2. be sure that you have the correct connectory accesory to the bag and inflate/deflate hose prior to putting it under the patient
  3. remove most air and distribute beads evenly before putting vac bag underneath a patient
  4. situate vac bag evenly on both sides of the anatomy being immobilized
  5. avoid making a vac bag with a sheet on it (but follow policy of clinic)
  6. take a small amount of air at time, forming the bag little by little insteadof all at once
  7. keep checking all areas of vac bag as you form it. pay close attentio to both sides of patients arms when making an upper vac bag. try to create 3 “shelves” when making a lower vac bag
  8. be aware that some vac bag systems will sound an alert when all of the air has been vaccuumed out, some won’t
  9. know how youre vac bag keeps air from escaping once you’re done (clip, cap, etc)
  10. Be sure to label each patients vac bag thoroughly as soon as you are able to
74
Q

How should you recycle a vac bag?

A

never recycle a patients vac bag until you are absolutely sure that he/she is finished with all treatments
once a patient finishes all of his/her treatments bu sure to disinfect their vac bag thoroughly before it is ued on the next patient

75
Q

What device can be used for patients wha are prone for their treatments?

A

prone pillow, prone breast board

76
Q

What is a bite block and what is its purpose

A

to move the patients tongue out of the treatment area
to help maintain the positiong of the patients chin
to position the patients mouth in a way that displaces the hard palate, mandible and/or tongue away from the treatment volume

77
Q

What is an S-frame

A

an immobilization device that can be used with a short or long mask to position a patient for treatment to the brain or head and neck

78
Q

what is another name for an s-frame

A

IMRT board

79
Q

what immoblization device is commonly used for a whole brain treatment

A

u-frame with short mask

80
Q

what is a u-frame

A

an immobilization device that is typically used with a short mask to position a patient for whole brain treatment

81
Q

what immobilization device is commonly used for breast treatments

A

beast board

82
Q

what devices are commonly used for a lung setup

A

index bar
wing board
upper vac bag
knee sponge/blue angle sponge

83
Q

list the devices that are commonly used for a pelvis or prostate setup

A

headrest

lower vac bag

84
Q

The term used to describe energy transmitted through matter is

A

radiation

85
Q

Special protection should be taken to prevent excessive exposure to

A

ionizing radiation

86
Q 
which of the following specialties uses a nonionzing form of radiation?
nuclear medicine technology
radiation therapy
radiography
sonography
A

sonography

87
Q

the discovery of x-rays occurred in

A

1895

88
Q

an individual who specializes in using x-rays to create images of the human body is known as a

A

radiographer

89
Q

a discipline that visualizes sectional anatomy by the recording of a predetermined plane in the body is

A

computed technology

90
Q

radiography of the breast is termed

A

mammography

91
Q 
which of the following is a voluntary process through which an agency grants recognition to a an individual on demonstration usually by examination, of specialized professional skills
accreditation
certification
licensure
registration
A

certification

92
Q 
which of the following is a listing of individuals holding certification credentials in a particular profession
accreditation
certification
licensure
registry
A

registry

93
Q

what organization certifies individuals in radiography

A

ARRT american registry of radiologic technologists

94
Q

which of the following organizations represents the interests of radiologic technologists to the public and federal government
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)
American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT)
international society of radiographers and radiologic technologists (ISRRT)
american roentgen ray society (ARRS)

A

american society of radiologic technologists (ASRT)

95
Q 
which of the following is the process by which a governmental agency (usually at the state level) grants permission to individuals to practice their profession
accredition
certification
licensure
registration
A

licensure

96
Q 
which title is granted to a radiographer after successful completion of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) examination in radiography
radiologic technologist
radiologic technologist, radiographer
registered technologist
registered technologist, radiographer
A

registered technologist, radiographer RT(R)

97
Q 
which of the following is a voluntary peer process through which an agency grants recognition to an institution for a program of study that meets specified criteria
accreditation
certification
licensure
registration
A

accreditation

98
Q 
in control language
is used when driving to class
is positive and expresses choice
identifies where others are wrong
is critical and powerful
A

is positive and expresses choice

99
Q

students in medical professions often to learn to apply theories through the review of a real-life situation or scenario, what is this activity called

A

case study

100
Q 
disciplinary action may be initiated if a student commits which serious infraction
disclosure of confidential information
falsification of records
cheating
intoxication
all of the above
A

all of the above

101
Q

Can simulation procedures be demonstrated on an anthropomorphic (PIXY) phantom

A

no, all simulation must be demonstrated on patients

102
Q

in order to be elligible to take the ARRT (board) exam, each student must demonstrate competence in how many radiation treatment procedures

A

18

103
Q

What are the 7 simulation procedures students need to complete

A 
Brain
Head & Neck
Thorax
Breast
Abdomen
Pelvis
Skeletal
104
Q

list the radiation treatment procedure(s) students need to complete in each of the following categories: Brain, Thorax, Pelvis, Skeletal

A

Brain- primary, metastic
Thorax- multi-field (not IMRT), IMRT and/or are therapy
Pelvis- multi-field supine, multi-field prone
skeletal- single field spine, multi-field spine, extremety

105
Q

as a student how many clinical sites will each student rotate through

A

4

106
Q

list the 3 situations that would require an incedence report

A
  1. injuries, including needle sticks at the clinical site
  2. direct contact with infectious disease/s at the clinical site
  3. any action that the clinicalsite, program and/or college would require submission of an incident report, according to policies on reporting incidents
107
Q

when must film badges be worn

A

at all times when the student is working in the energized lab and on all clinical rotation days

108
Q 
which of the following is the minimum percentage needed in order to pass a clinical course
70
75
80
85
A

85

109
Q 
which of the following is the minimum percentage needed in order to pass a didactic course
70
75
80
85
A

75

110
Q

can students who are dismissed for cheating be remitted to the program

A

no

111
Q

can a student who shares answers on an assignment be dismissed from the program

A

yes

112
Q

list 4 reasons why a student may be placed on probation in the radiation therapy program in a clinical course

A
  1. unsatisfactory clinical evaluation by and instructor, clinical superviser, clinical staff, or program faculty with a calculated grade of c or less
  2. absenteeism of more than 3 days of clinical attendance (student may also incur a 5-point deduction from the clinical grade for each absence beyond the 3 free days
  3. absenteeism of 3 or more consecutive days of clinical attendance (unless the student received prior approval from the clinical coordinator to miss 3 days consecutively
  4. chronic tardiness
  5. noncompliance with program and/or clinical site policies and procedures
  6. withdraw from a clinical education center and/or leaving the clinical site without permission
  7. lack of proper documentation of competencies
  8. incomplete competencies or failure to perform competencies by the required published clinical dates
  9. removal of a student from a clinical site at the request of the clinical supervisor and/or site
  10. unacceptable clinical behavior based on comments from therapists and/or clinical supervisor
  11. unprofessional presentation based on comments rom therapists and/or clinical supervisor (this icludes personal hygiene issues)
113
Q

what is the name of the reporting system used by hcc faculty, site therapists, and to document students clinical experiences and performance

A

trajecsys

114
Q

how many “free” clinic days are students given throughout their time in the program

A

3

115
Q

if a student is asked to leave a clinical education center, is he/she automatically reassinged to another site

A

no

116
Q

what happens if a student does not wear the approved scrub uniform to clinic

A

students who fail to wear the approved scrub uniform while attending class or lab on campus may incur a 5-point deduction from the didactic course grade

RAT 2001C Lab (3 decks)

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