Lab Handout

Question 1

Describe and demonstrate methods of restraint for sheep

Answer 1

Halter & Head/Chin hold

Question 2

Define flight zone

Answer 2

An area around an animal that when entered will stimulate a flight/fight response

Question 3

Define point of balance

Answer 3

Point of balance is determined by the animal’s wide angle vision

Question 4

Describe and demonstrate how to use the flight Zone and point of balance to move an animal forward and backward.

Answer 4

Stand behind the animals point of balance to move it forward, or stand in front of to move it backward

Question 5

Where is a sheep’s point of balance?

Answer 5

It’s shoulders

Question 6

Define biosecurity

Answer 6

Measures taken to prevent the introduction or spread of infectious disease

Question 7

Describe farm biosecurity practices and explain their significance.

Answer 7

1) Boots and coveralls as it protects the student and animals

2) Clean any fecal pellets you can see, as manure transmits bacteria and disease

3) Disinfection tubs for shoes help control the spread of bacteria in and out of the barn

4) Eating and drinking away from main barn area

Question 8

Write out the path of food through the digestive tract of a ruminant

Answer 8

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Reticulum

4.Rumen

5. Omanusm
6. Abomasum
7. Liver
8. Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)
9. Cecum
10. Large Intestine
11. Rectum
12. Anus

Question 9

Location and Function of the ESOPHAGUS in a ruminant

Answer 9

Location: From the mouth to the reticulum

Function: allows ruminants to regurgitate their cud for further chewing

Question 10

Location and Function of the RETICULUM in a ruminant

Answer 10

Location: In the 1st compartment, located just below the opening of the esophagus, left side of front end abdomen

Function: Fermentation

Question 11

Location and Function of the RUMEN in a ruminant

Answer 11

Location: Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis, filling the entire left side of the abdomen

Function: Warm (100-108°F, dark and anaerobic with ph of 5.8-6.4 =the ideal environment for bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

It also, never empties, has rhythmic contractions, and does fermentation vat

Question 12

Location and Function of the ABOMASUM in a ruminant

Answer 12

Location: Located below and behind the omasum on the right side of the abdomen

Function: “True” stomach. It functions like the monogastric stomach acidic and enzymatic digestion of food

Question 13

Location and Function of the OMASUM

Answer 13

Location: on the right side of the abdomen

Functions: It absorbs water, has bicarbonate ions, and has the remaining VFA’s from the feed, it can also break down food particles further

Question 14

Location and function of the SMALL INTESTINE in a ruminant

Answer 14

The small intestine is separated into 3 parts: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

The Location: It is after the abomasum, right side of abdomen

The Function: where the nutrients are digested and absorbed through villi into blood vessels

Question 15

Function of the Duodenum

Answer 15

Secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas mixed with the partially digested matter

Question 16

Function of the Jejunum

Answer 16

To increase the intestinal surface area and absorb nutrients

Question 17

Function of the Ileum

Answer 17

It absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts and any nutrients that passed through the jejunum

Question 18

Location and Function of the CECUM in a ruminant

Answer 18

Location: is a large blind pouch at the junction of the small and large intestine

Function: it breaks down some previously undigested fibers

Question 19

Location and Function of the LARGE INTESTINE

Answer 19

Location: It’s after the cecum

Function: it absorbs water, has some bacterial digestion