Lab Guide 71-79 Flashcards
The thyroid cartilage is at the transverse level of which cervical vertebrae?
C4-C5
The cricoid cartilage is at the transverse level of which cervical vertebrae?
C6
Are the cutaneous nerves of the ansa cervicalis superficial or deep to the platysma?
deep
Is the investing fascia of the neck superficial or deep to the platysma?
deep
Which is anterior, the external jugular vein or the subcutaneous nerves of the nasa cervicalis?
the external jugular vein
What is the external jugular vein formed by?
the confluence of the posterior auricular v. and the posterior branch of the retromandibular v. in the substance of the parotid gland just posterior to the margin of the mandible
What are the tributaries of the external jugular vein?
the posterior external jugular v., supra scapular, and transverse cervical v.
Which is anterior, the platysma or the external and anterior jugular veins?
the platysma (both are anterior to the investing fascia of the neck)
What does the anterior jugular vein drain into inferiorly?
the EJV vein communicating veins that course deep to the SCM immediately superior to the manubrium and clavicle
What is the innervation of the anterior digastric belly?
the mylohyoid m. (branch of CN V)
Do all the strap muscles lie ventral to the thyroid gland? If not, which ones are deep?
They are ALL ventral
Does the omohyoid course superficial or deep to the SCM?
deep
The thyroid gland lies immediately deep to which muscle?
the sternothyroid
Inferiorly, which tracheal ring can the thyroid gland extend to?
the 6th
The isthmus of the thyroid gland spans which tracheal rings?
2-4
The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid (if present) typically extends from which lobe?
the left
What structures are medial to the thyroid gland?
the trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerves
What structures are immediately lateral to the thyroid gland?
the carotid sheath
The superior and middle thyroid veins drain to where?
the internal jugular vein
The inferior thyroid veins drain to where?
the brachiocephalic veins
Which cranial nerves can be found in the carotid triangle?
vagus and hypoglossal
What muscle splits to insert on the hyoid bone around the posterior digastric belly?
the stylohyoid m.
What ventral rami fibers contribute to the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C1
The hypoglossal nerve crosses posterior to the belly of what?
the posterior digastric
In the carotid triangle, the hypoglossal nerve loops inferior to which artery?
the SCM branch of the occipital a.
Describe the course of the hypoglossal n.
It descend into the carotid triangle and loops inferior to a branch of the occipital a., then crosses the lateral surface of the external carotid a. superficially at the origin of the lingual a. then cross the greater horn of the hyoid bone to enter the submandibular triangle
What ventral rami fibers contribute to the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?
C2-C3
Where is the origin of the inferior root of the nasa cervicalis?
posterior triangle
Where does the common carotid a. branch?
at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
What are the branches of the internal carotid a. in the neck?
NONE, it just ascends to enter the carotid canal
is the external carotid a. in the carotid sheath?
No
What are the five branches of the external carotid given off in the carotid triangle?
the superior thyroid, occipital, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and the lingual
Does the superior thyroid a. run deep or superficial to the strap muscles?
deep, into the muscular triangle
what nerve from the superior laryngeal a. run with?
the internal branch of the superior laryngeal
Where do the superior laryngeal a. and the internal branch of the superior laryngeal enter the larynx?
through the thyrohyoid membrane superior to the thyroid membrane
What n. does the superior thyroid artery run with?
the external branch of the superior laryngeal
At what level do the lingual (and facial) arteries branch form the external carotid a.?
at the hyoid bone
The occipital a. branches from the ECA at what level?
at the level of the lingual a. on the dorsal aspect
What muscle does the occipital a. branch deep to?
the posterior belly of the digastric
What tributaries does the internal jugular v. receive in the neck?
The common facial, lingual, facial, and superior and middle thyroid v.
In which triangle does the superior laryngeal n branch into the internal and external?
carotid triangle. They move into the muscular to terminate
Which fascia is the sympathetic trunk embedded in?
the prevertebral fascia just posterior to the carotid sheath
Does the supraclavicular n. descend in the anterior or posterior triangle?
posterior
What is the floor of the posterior triangle composed of?
the middle and posterior scalenes, the leavator scapulae, and the splines muscles (all in prevertebral fascia)
Do the scalenes arise from transverse or spinous processes?
transverse
What is the main function of the scalene muscles?
they laterally bend the neck and raise the ribs they insert on
The subclavius muscle is located deep to what?
the clavicle
What cervical ventral rami make up the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
C5-C6
What cervical ventral rami make up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
C7
What cervical ventral rami make up the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8-T1
What artery crosses over the trunks of the supraclavicular brachia plexus?
the transverse cervical a.
Does the long thoracic n. descend posterior or anterior to the subclavian a.?
posterior (innervates the serrates anterior)
Is the cervical plexus located on top of the scalenes?
yes
Is the phrenic nerve deep to the prevertebral fascia?
Yes, it descends down the anterior scalene and crosses lateral to medial along its course
In the posterior triangle, CN XI crosses over which muscles?
ventral to the elevator scapulae and then deep to the trapezius m.
What typically crosses the anterior surface of the first part of the subclavian a.?
the IJV
Do the vagus and phrenic nerves cross the subclavian a. anterior or posterior? What part?
anterior to the 1st part
Where does the vertebral a. enter the structure of the spine?
transverse foramen of C6
Where does the inferior thyroid a. turn medial toward the thyroid?
at the level of the cricoid cartilage (posterior to the carotid sheath)
What artery does the inferior thyroid a. give off? What does it supply?
the ascending cervical (runs on the anterior scalene medial to the phrenic n.)
supplies the deep muscles of the neck
What two aa. cross the anterior scalene and pin down the phrenic n.?
the transverse cervical and the suprascapular a.
What a. can the dorsal scapular a. branch from/
the subclavian (70%) OR the transverse cervical (30%)
Blood vessels and nerves of the scalp (namely emissary veins) run in which layer of the scalp?
dense CT
The superior sagittal vein begins by receiving which vein?
the vein of the foramen cecum
What nerves make up the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?
III, IV, V1, and V2
Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?
at the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone against the base of the cavernous sinus
The pharyngeal raphe is attached to which structures superiorly and inferiorly?
the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone and the esophagus
What vertebrae levels is the larynx at?
C4-C6
Where does the recurrent laryngeal n. change to the inferior laryngeal n.?
at the level of the cricothyroid joint
