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Organic Chem 1 > Lab final now son! > Flashcards

Lab final now son! Flashcards

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1
Q
A

methyl alcohol

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2
Q

What should you do if something gets in your eye?

A

Remember that the first aid you give yourself is critical. Every second counts dont forget to help your neighbor- your neighbor cant see! Hold the eyelid open while flushing the eye with water from the eyewash for about 15 minutes and then see a doctor immediately.

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3
Q

draw structure

Biphenyl

neutral

A
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4
Q

What are the inorganic compounds used in the solubility experiment?

A

Water - H2O

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5
Q

what is the formula to calculate molality?

A

m=moles of solute/kg of solvent

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6
Q
A

trans-cinnamic acid

weak acid

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7
Q

Who should be called immediately for assistance in case of an accident or injury in the laboratory?

A

The lab instructor. If for some reason the laboratory instructor is away then the laboratory assistant or a staff member.

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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A

salicylic acid

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10
Q

draw structure

Hexane

base

A
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11
Q
A

succinic acid

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12
Q

How can you eliminate the possibility of your Bunsen burner becoming a fire hazard?

A

It should be burning only when it is being used. It should be carefully positioned so that the flame will not burn overhanging shelves, books, paper, or its own tubing. No flammable chemicals should be in the vicinity

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13
Q
A

cyclohexene

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14
Q
A

acetanilide

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15
Q

draw structure

3-nitrophthalic acid

weak acid

A
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16
Q

what ORGANIC material was used in the Distillation Lab?

A

Isopropyl Alcohol

n-Butyl Alcohol

Methyl Alcohol

Sec-Butyl Alcohol

n-Amyl Alcohol

n-Hexyl Alcohol

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17
Q

What is the melting point range of a pure sample?

A

a pure sample exhibits a melting point range of a one to three degree difference between the point at which the first crystal begins to melt, and the temperature at which the last crystal is completely melted.

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18
Q

draw structure

o-xylene

A
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19
Q

Describe how to distinguish an open fire in the laboratory.

A

Discharge small fire extinguisher at base of flames slowly and systematically moving from one side to the other to avoid flashback while calling for assistance. If not immediately brought under control have fire department called while using larger back-up extinguishers and evacuating nonparticipants. Do not stay in the laboratory if fire continues to spread.

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20
Q
A

carbon disulfide

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21
Q

When does boiling occur?

A

when vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal

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22
Q

Define Azeotrope.

A

a constant boiling mixture of two or more components with a definite composion usually boiling below the lowest boiling point or sometimes above the highest boilng point but never inbetween

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23
Q

draw structure

ethyl acetate

A
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

draw structure

azobenzene

A
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26
Q

draw structure

t-amyl alcohol

A
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27
Q

draw structure

phenol

weak acid

A
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28
Q

draw structure

sulfuric acid

strong acid

A
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29
Q
A

4-chlorocyclohexene

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30
Q

draw structure

4-chlorocyclohexene

A
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31
Q

indicate whether the following pairs of compounds will be miscible or immiscible in one another.

zinc chloride and water

CH3COOH and water

Urea and diethyl ether

A

miscible

miscible

immiscible

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32
Q

draw structure

aminohydroxyethane

A
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33
Q

describe step by step how one prepares a sample for a melting point.

A
  1. clamp thiele tube to a ring stand
  2. fill thiele tube with mineral oil 1/2 inch above side arm
  3. fit thermometer through thermometer adapter
  4. make rubberband by cutting a slice of rubber tubing
  5. clamp the thermometer adapter above thiele tube
  6. obtain 2mm sample in capillary tube
  7. attach capillary tube adjacent to the bottom of the thermometer
  8. position thermometer bulb and sample so that they are centered in the thiele tube
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34
Q
A
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35
Q

why was phosphiric acid used in the dehydration lab instead of sulfuric acid?

A

since the latter will cause charring and give off noxious fumes

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36
Q
A

n-hexyl alcohol

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37
Q

what is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation? give a scenario for which each technique is appropriate.

A
  • simple distilation may be used if two compounds differ greatly in boiling point and thus in vapor pressure, the mixture may then be seperated into two components fairly well
  • fractional distillation is used to seperate liquids when more effeciancy is need then may be obtained by simple distillation
  • fractional distillation a series of simple distillations carried out at one time using a fractional column
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38
Q
A

m-nitroaniline

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39
Q

Why are unauthorized experiments not permissible?

A

No student knows for certain that an unauthorized experiment is safe. Discovered infractions will result in suspension from the lab

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40
Q

draw structure

sec-butyl alcohol

A
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41
Q
A

azobenzene

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42
Q
A

camphor

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43
Q

draw structure

n-amyl alcohol

A
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44
Q

what are the characteristics of a good chaser solvent?

A
  • boiling point approximately 50º higher than the product
  • must not react with reactants or products
  • must be easily detected
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45
Q

draw structure

endo-norbornene-_cis_-5,6-dicarboxylic acid

strong acid

A
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46
Q
A

carbon disulfide

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47
Q
A

Uera

Base

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48
Q
A

ethylene glycol

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49
Q

draw structure

phosphoric acid

strong acid

A

H3PO4

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50
Q

draw structure

isopropyl alcohol

A
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51
Q

draw structure

salicylic acid

A
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52
Q

Give names of 6 common extremely flammable solvents and precautions in their use.

A

Diethyl ether, petroleum ether, ligroin, acetone, benzene, and ethyl acetate are six common extremely flammable solvents. Always pour these chemicals with care. When using them at your desk, be sure that all flames and spark sources in the area are turned off.

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53
Q
A
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54
Q
A

ethyl acetate

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55
Q
A

Biphenyl

neutral

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56
Q
A

t-amyl alcohol

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57
Q

What is the liklihood of an impure sample being a eutectic mixture?

A

one in a hundred

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58
Q

How do you calculate % recovery?

A

%recovery= (weight of solid/ 1 gram) X 100%

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59
Q

What type of clothing is safest in the laboratory

A

No synthetics which are not frilly or flared and do not have lose, flowing sleeves or scarves are the safest. Synthetics, in general, burn readily and stick to you on melting, causing much worse burns. Shorts and tank tops are not allowed because they do not offer much protection. Lab coasts or aprons are strongly recommend

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60
Q
A

isopropyl alcohol

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61
Q

What footwear is needed in the laboratory?

A

Low heeled, leather or equivalent, shoes with no open spaces. Open shoes permit spills to get in the feet and will not be allowed in the lab

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62
Q

H3PO4

A

phosphoric acid

strong acid

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63
Q

Describe the proper way to heat a test tube and its contents

A

Point the test tube away from yourself and others. Oscillate the tube while gently heating to prevent “bumping”

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64
Q
A

phenol

weak acid

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65
Q
A

acetic acid

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66
Q
A

diphenyl phthalate

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67
Q
A

benzoic acid

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68
Q
A

n-butyl alcohol

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69
Q

What should be worn in a laboratory at all times to decrease the likelihood of eye injury?

A

Approved glasses or goggles.

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70
Q

what information about a compound can one obtain from melting point data?

A

purity

identity of a compound

molecular weight

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71
Q

draw structure

Uera

Base

A
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72
Q

If a mixture of two compunds is heated, the vapor pressure of both compounds in the vapor equal to?

A

the ratio of the vapor pressure in the compounds

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73
Q

What is the procedure to perform a solubility lab?

A
  1. Add 1 mL of purified H2O at room temperature to test tube containing 50 mg of biphenyl.
  2. Add 1 mL of ethyl alcohol at room temperature to test tube containing 50 mg of biphenyl.
  3. Add 1 mL of hexane at room temperature to test tube containing 50mg biphenyl.
  4. Mix well
  5. Record solubility ( soluble, partially soluble, or insoluble).
  6. Heat each mixture to boiling point using steam cone.
  7. Record results.
  8. From results determine the polarity of the solvent being used. ( Polar, moderately polar, or nonpolar)
  9. Repeat procedure using sodium acetate and 3-nitrophthalic acid.
74
Q
A

n-butyl alcohol

75
Q

draw structure

cyclohexonal

A
76
Q

Why is smoking, chewing, eating, or drinking not permissible for individuals performing an experiment in the laboratory?

A

Smoking is not permitted because of the fire hazard. None of the above are allowed because of the possibility of getting chemicals in the mouth

77
Q
A

carbon tetrachloride

78
Q
A

Hexane

base

79
Q

what is used to dry distillation apparatus before each distillation?

A

acetone

80
Q
A
81
Q

draw structure

Benzenesulfoic acid

weak acid

A
82
Q

What are the organic compounds used in the melting point lab?

A

urea

trans- cinnamic acid

83
Q

draw structure

acetanilide

A
84
Q

Under what conditions are contact lenses permissible in the laboratory?

A

They are permissible only if one wears approved goggles. Glasses give good protection from splashes only from the front. Anything getting under contact lens will not wash out until the lense is removed. By then the eye could be damaged.

85
Q

draw structure

4-bromoacetanilide

A
86
Q

What are the organic compounds used in the crystalization lab?

A

endo-norbornene-cis-5, 6-dicarboxylic acid

87
Q
A

o-xylene

88
Q

Solvents for crystalization should have what four characteristics?

A
  1. the compound being purified must be soluble in hot solvent and much less soluble in cold solvent.
  2. the impurities must be soluble in cold solvent or insoluble in hot solvent
  3. the solvent should be easily removed from the compound (low boiling)
  4. The solvent must not react with the compound being purified
89
Q

How can a small contained fire be put out simply?

A

Smother the fire with an inverted beaker. In case of a multineck flask, loosely insert rubber stoppers or corks.

90
Q

What are the organic compounds used in the extraction lab?

A

fluorenone

benzenesulfonic acid

phthalic acid

phenol

aniline

diethyl ether

91
Q

draw structure

methyl alcohol

A
92
Q

draw structure

acetone

A
93
Q

Distillation is a technique based on the ______ of the components by _________

A

separation, boiling

94
Q
A
95
Q

draw structure

sucrose

A
96
Q

draw structure

succinic acid

A
97
Q

draw structure

Aniline

weak base

A
98
Q
A
99
Q

how do you separate compounds in the extraction lab?

A
  1. this is accomplished by dissolving a mixture of organic compounds in a solvent which is immiscible with water
  2. then a quantity of aqueous weak base is mixed with the solution
  3. the weak base will react with all the stronger organic acids
  4. the aqueous layer is separated from the solvent layer and acidified and it precipitates
  5. the solid is filtered and dried
  6. Weaker organic acids may be removed by using a strong base followed by acidification of the aqueous layer
  7. organic bases may be removed from the solution using an acid followed by the addition of a base to aqueous layer
  8. All neutral organic compounds remain in the solvent layer
100
Q

draw structure

1-octacosanol

A
101
Q

What is the narrow melting point range of a pure sample referred to as?

A

Sharp melting point

102
Q

what compound was used to remove the last traces of water in the dehydration lab?

A

anhydrous sodium sulfate

103
Q

draw structure

Fluorenone

neutral

A
104
Q

draw structure

n-hexyl alcohol

A
105
Q

What is the accuracy of the Rast method of determining molecular weights?

A

+/- 10% actual molecular weight

106
Q

What are some different techniques used to aid in crystallization?

A
  1. Scratching the interior surface of the flask with a stirring rod
  2. putting a stirring rod into the solution and letting the solvent evaporate and then reintroducing the stirring rod
  3. adding a boiling stone to the solution
107
Q
A

1-octacosanol

108
Q

A rast molecular weight determination of an unknown organic compoind involved 50.1 mg of solute and 0.7428g of solvent. This mixture of solute-solvent produced a melting point range of 157-164º. Pure camphor, the solvent, melts at 171.5-173º and has a cryoscopic constant of 39.7ºC kg/mol.

A

MW=_1000kg X 0.05010g X 39.7kg/mo_l

(173-164) X 0.74280g

MW= 297.52g/mol

* don’t forget to check that your rast mw is within the 10% range on the test*

109
Q
A

sucrose

110
Q
A

cyclohexonal

111
Q

What are the inorganic structures used in the extraction lab?

A

sodium hydroxide- NaOH

Sodium Chloride - NaCl

Hydrochloric Acid- HCl

Sodium Sulfate- Na2SO4

Water- H2O

112
Q

draw structure

n-butyl alcohol

A
113
Q
A

sodium acetate

114
Q

Why should we never pipet chemicals with our mouth?

A

Because you can easily suck the chemicals into your mouth. A pipetting bulb should always be used.

115
Q
A

endo-norbornene-_cis_-5,6-dicarboxylic acid

strong acid

116
Q

draw structure

cyclohexene

A
117
Q
A

acetone

118
Q
A

sulfuric acid

strong acid

119
Q

Why should the labels on the reagent bottles be read carefully before using?

A

Adding the wrong reagent could be dangerous. The wrong regent will not give proper results

120
Q
A

m-nitroaniline

121
Q
A

sodium bicarbonate

weak base

122
Q

draw structure

diphenyl phthalate

A
123
Q

draw structure

trans-cinnamic acid

weak acid

A
124
Q

draw structure

common: methyl alcohol

IUPAC: methanol

A
125
Q

What factors affect the solubility of one compound in another?

A

polarity

temperature

surface area

126
Q

draw structure

camphor

A
127
Q

Why must reagents be added slowly and with caution?

A

In order to keep a reaction under control. A large amount of a chemical being added all at once might result in a violent reaction(explosion)

128
Q

What is a eutectic mixture?

A

a specific ratio for two or more compounds which furnish a sharp melting point

129
Q

What are the organic compounds used in in the solubility experiment?

A

Biphenyl

ethyl alcohol

hexane

sodium acetate

3-nitrophthalic acid

130
Q

draw structure

ethylene glycol

A
131
Q

draw structure

ethyl alcohol

strong acid

A
132
Q

draw structure

acetic acid

A
133
Q
A

Aniline

weak base

134
Q

draw structure

Phthalic acid

A
135
Q

draw structure

m-nitroaniline

A
136
Q

What is indicative of an impure sample in the melting point lab?

A

a wide melting point range that occurs over 4-10° or more

137
Q

draw structure

carbon tetrachloride

A
138
Q

draw structure

n-butyl alcohol

A
139
Q
A

Benzenesulfoic acid

weak acid

140
Q

What is distillation?

A

one of the most widely used pruification technique in organic chemistry

This technique is based on the separation of the components by boiling point.

141
Q
A

Phthalic acid

142
Q

draw structure

m-nitroaniline

A
143
Q

extraction is an effective method for selectively separating the following types of organic compounds in a mixture:

A
  1. all stronger organic acids
  2. all weaker organic acids
  3. all organic bases
  4. all organic neutral compounds
144
Q
A

4-bromoacetanilide

145
Q

draw structure

benzoic acid

A
146
Q
A

n-amyl alcohol

147
Q

What precautions are needed with long hair, beards, and neckties in the laboratory?

A

These may easily catch fire, get into chemicals, or get caught in the apparatus. Secure long hair. Do not wear ties

148
Q
A
149
Q
A

aminohydroxyethane

150
Q

what INORGANIC were used in the dehydration of alcohol lab?

A

Sulfuric Acid- H2SO4

Water-H2O

Sodium Sulfate-Na2SO4

Phosphoric Acid-H3PO4

Sodium Chloride-NaCl

151
Q

What are colligative properties?

What are four examples of colligative properities?

A

colligative properties are properties that depend only upon the number of solute particles in a solution and not on the identity of those particles.

  1. freezing point depression
  2. boiling point elevation
  3. vapor pressure
  4. osmotic pressure
152
Q

what ORGANIC compounds were used in the dehydration of alcohols lab?

A

Cyclohexene

Acetone

Cyclohexanol

O-xylene

153
Q

draw structure

carbon disulfide

A
154
Q
A

ethyl alcohol

strong acid

155
Q
A

Fluorenone

neutral

156
Q

What is one industrial method of preparing olefins?

What does this method involve?

A

acheived by the dehydration of alcohols

this method involves heating the alcohol with an acid catalyst and distilling the product

157
Q

Why is it important to read and study each experiment before performing it?

A

This enables you to know what hazards are involved, proper precautions to observe, and how to handle and dispose of flammable or otherwise hazardous materials

158
Q

What is the diacid used in the crystalization experiment?

A

endo-norbornene-_cis_-5,6-dicarboxylic acid

159
Q
A

common: methyl alcohol

IUPAC: methanol

160
Q
A

3-nitrophthalic acid

weak acid

161
Q

draw structure

sodium bicarbonate

weak base

A
162
Q

draw structure

carbon disulfide

A
163
Q

draw structure

sodium acetate

A
164
Q

What should be used immediately if clothing catches fire or if a chemical is spilled on the clothing.

A

You should immediately douse yourself with-water at the safety shower. Dont forget to help your neighbor- your neighbor is in real trouble. Clothing should be removed in case of a large chemical spill.

165
Q
A

sec-butyl alcohol

166
Q
A

diethyl ether

167
Q
A

ligroin

168
Q

Draw structure

ligroin

A
169
Q
A

petroleum ether

170
Q

Draw structure

petroleum ether

A
171
Q

Strong Acids

A
  • HCl
  • HBr
  • HI
  • H2SO4
  • HNO3
172
Q

Weak Acids

A
  • HF
  • HNO2
173
Q

Strong Base

A
  • NaOH
  • KOH
  • Ba(OH)2
  • Na2SO4
174
Q

Weak Base

A
  • NaHCO3
  • KHCO3
175
Q
A
176
Q
A
177
Q
A
178
Q
A
179
Q
A
180
Q
A
181
Q
A
182
Q
A

Organic Chem 1 (1 decks)

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