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Bio 345 Lab Final > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxis

A

oriented movement with respect to a gradient

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2
Q

Behaviour

A

the actions and reactions of whole organisms

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3
Q

What do euglena have

A
  • chloroplasts for photosynthesis

- flagella for movement

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4
Q

what are used for light detection in Euglena

A

stigma

- consists of pigment shield and photoreceptor

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5
Q

What kind of phototactic is euglena

A

positively phototactic to low light intensity

negatively phototactic to bright light and darkness

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6
Q

what is the primary leaflet, secondary leaflet, petiole

A

Figure B page 8

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7
Q

what is the motor organ in mimosa pudica

A

pulvinus

- bulb shaped mass of cells at the bottom of each petiole

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8
Q

how does the transfer of stimulus occur in Mimosa pudica?

A

AP… hormone potentially

  • transferred at high rate due to the plasmodesmata through pores
  • depol causes K efflux and water follows this
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9
Q

The movements of Mimosa are referred to as ______ movements

A

nastic

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10
Q

what are the 3 major classes of Cnidaria

A

Anthozoa (sea Anemone)
Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Hydrozoa

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11
Q

what do Cnidaria posess

A

Nematocysts

  • used for defense and prey capture
  • discharge by mechanical or chemical stimulia tion
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12
Q

Sensory structures in Cnidaria (2)

A
  • Ocelli (light perception)

- Statocysts (gravity perception)

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13
Q

what were the 2 latin names for the Anthozoa (sea anemone) species that were used in the lab

A
  • Anthopleura elegantissima

- Metridium senile

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14
Q

What happened when Anthropleura elegantissima and Metridium senile were touched

A

both closed up

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15
Q

Food results for Anthropleura elegantissima and Metridium senile

A

AE can grab large food, injest the large food

MS can’t grab large food, can grab tiny food particles in the broth

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16
Q

Nudibranch results for Anthropleura

A

strong antipredator response of the Anthropleura to the shaggy seamouse (Aeolidia papillosa)

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17
Q

what are the names of the 2 jellyfish used in lab 2

A
  1. Polyorchis penicillatus

2. Gonionemus vertens

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18
Q

What sensory structure does Polyorchis penicillatus have

A

ocelli

  • can detect light
  • have a strong shadow response!! REFLEX
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19
Q

Gonionemus vertens

A

no ocelli

  • NO shadow response
  • don’t have light sensor organs
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20
Q

what jellyfish somersaults

A

Gonionemus vertens

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21
Q

what are behaviour patterns

A

probabilistic sequence of behavioural acts, single behavioural acts, or simultaneous cluster of behavioural acts

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22
Q

behavioural patterns in Gonionemus

A

somersaulting, tentacle anchoring, swimming

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23
Q

how does somersaulting occur in Gonionemus

A

inversion of the medusa as it strikes the water surface

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24
Q

Flatworm phylum

A

platyhelminthes

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25
Q

what are the lateral projections of the head of flatworms called?

A

auricles

- highest concentration of ciliary R on auricles and tentacles

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26
Q

Latin name for the flatworms used in this lab

A

Dugesia drotocephala

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27
Q

what is important for both operant and classical conditioning

A

time

  • CC - conditioned stimulus is presented immediately prior
  • OC - close temporal connection between action and reward
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28
Q

classical conditioning

A

association of a reinforcement with the conditioned stimulus

29
Q

operant conditioning

A

new action on the animals part will alleviate a need

30
Q

Latin name for Annelid in lab 3&4 experiment

A

Lumbricus terrestris (goes towards preferable substrate - dirt… if enough trials would go to where the dirt should be)

31
Q

2 classes of annelids

A
  • Polychaeta

- Oligochaeta

32
Q

Latin name for cricket in lab 3&4

A

Acheta domesticus

33
Q

what do female crickets have for laing eggs in the ground

A

ovipositor

34
Q

what do crickets have that have movable sensory hairs that possess different directional sensitivities

A

cerci

35
Q

crickets have

A

big neurons fast communication

36
Q

latin name for the crabs

A

Hemigrapsus nudus

Hemigrapsus oregonensis

37
Q

latin name for snail used in lab

A

Lymnaea stagnalis

38
Q

what kind of phototactic are snails

A

positively phototactic

39
Q

Echinoderm classes (3)

A

Stelleroidea (sea stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchin)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumber)

40
Q

Mollusc classes

A

Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Cephalopoda

41
Q

what do echinoderms use for locomotion

A

podia

42
Q

crickets results

A

should show predator avoidance behaviours

- cerci… when put enough wind close to the individual would see them respond

43
Q

Crabs results

A

show attraction to potential mates
- if you have 2 of the same sex the expected behaviour is that they move away from one another (especially if large size difference)

44
Q

Flatworm results

A

train them to stop turning LEFT

45
Q

leather star and mussel name

A

Dermasterias (leather star)

Mytilus (Mussel)

46
Q

what are the expected results for the leather star and mussel experiment

A

Dermasterias everts its stomach when feeding on bivalves (mussels)

47
Q

what is the main predator used in experiment 4

A

Pycnopodia helianthoides

48
Q

what is the latin name of the keyhole limpet

A

Diodora aspera

49
Q

expected results for keyhole limpet experiment

A

emergence of the mantle

50
Q

what is the sea urchin latin name used in experiment 4

A

Strongylocentrotus

51
Q

expected response in sea urchiin experiment

A

retract immediately if something sharp touches them and will point all their spines toward the area being poked

52
Q

latin name for scallop

A

Chlamys hastata

53
Q

latin name for sea cucumber

A

Parastichopus

54
Q

expectation for scallop experiment

A

claps its valves when swimming away

55
Q

cockle latin name

A

Clinocardium nuttallii

56
Q

expected results in cockle experiment

A

uses foot to escape (and also burrow)

57
Q

what is the snail used in experiment 4

A

Tegula funebralis

58
Q

Genus name for crayfish used in experiment 5

A

Procambarus clarkii

59
Q

definition of agnostic behaviour

A

any sort of adaptation which is connected with a contest or conflict between two animals whether fighting or escaping

60
Q

3 factors that affect the outcome of aggressive contests

A

size, sex, previous experience

61
Q

3 categories for agnostic behaviour

A
  • investigative behaviour
  • aggressive behaviour
  • avoidance behaviour
62
Q

example of investigative behaviour

A

antenna pointing

63
Q

example of aggressive behaviour

A
  • meral spread
  • following
  • pushing
  • approaching
  • antennae whipping
64
Q

example of avoidance behaviour

A
  • backing
  • abdomen flexing
  • walking away
65
Q

latin name for siamese fighting fish

A

Betta splendens

66
Q

What organ do betta splendens have and what does it do

A

labrynth organ

- allows animals to absorb air gulped at the surface and therefore live in stagnant waters

67
Q

Male colour patterns

- females show the same behaviours as males including nest activities

A
  1. Non-displaying (uniform colour)
  2. Displaying (colour deepens and intensifies, dark head)
  3. Submissive (pale, 2 longitudinal lines on body)
68
Q

Female colour patterns

A
  1. Non-displaying (pale, neutral colour)
  2. Displaying (colour deepens and intensifies, head DOES NOT turn dark)
  3. Submissive (same as male ; pale and 2 lines)
  4. Reproductive (unripe: 5-7 dark lines against pale gold bodies) (Gravid: gold patch on belly and dark bars)
    - As courtship progresses the bars become less apparent as the female’s whole colouring darkens
69
Q

5 Betta splendens behaviours directed at a conspecific

A
  1. Approach
  2. Facing or broadside
  3. Raised opercula
  4. Bite
  5. Tail beat

Bio 345 Lab Final (1 decks)

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