Lab Final Flashcards

Radius: inner bone of the lower arm.


The fibula: the smaller of the two bones of the calf.
This is a very narrow bone which is located next to the tibia.


Tibia: Larger of the two bones of the calf.

Where is the diencephalon and what are it’s components?

The diencephalon is the prosterior (and ventral) region of the forebrain, that is composed of the thalamus, hypothalamus epithalamus, pineal organ and hypophysis (pituitary).
These aren’t really visible in this picture (as they are underneath)… but its all I have.

Where is the mesencephalon and what is it composed of?

The mesencephalon is the midbrain. It is composed of the optic lobes.

Where is the metancephalon and what are it’s components?

The metancephalon is located in the anterior region of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain). It is composed of the cerebellum.

Where is the myelencephalon and what are it’s components?

The myelencephalon is the most caudal portion of the hindbrain. It is composed of the medulla oblongata.

Identify the medulla oblongata. What is it’s function?

The medulla oblongata regulates reflexes such as respiration, heart rate and blood pressure.

Identify the optic lobes. What is their function?

The optic lobes recieve information from the eyes, the lateral line system, the cerebellum, the olfactory epithelium and the skin.

Identify the cerebellum. What is it’s function?

The cerebellum controls body equilibrium and coordinates fine motor activity.

Where is the prosencephalon and what are it’s subregions (if any)?

The prosencephalon (forebrain) includes both the telencephalon and the diencephalon.

Identify the olfactory bulbs, tracts and lobes.


Identify the cerebrum. What is it’s function?

The cerebrum is responsible for integrating sensory information, initiating motor impulses and storing memories.

Where is the rhombencephalon and what are it’s subregions (if any)?

The rhombencephalon (hindbrain) includes both the metencephalon and the myelencephalon

Where is the telencephalon and what are it’s components?

The telencephalon is the most anterior portion of the forebrain. It is composed of the olfactory bulbs and lobes and the cerebral hemispheres.

Where is the mesencephalon and what are it’s subregions (if any)?

The mesencephalon (midbrain) has no sub regions.

What are the aortic arches?
The aortic arches are arteries that leave the ventral aorta to take blood to the gills.
Describe the structure of the cranial nerves of squalus.
Squalas has 10 cranial nerves labelled in roman numerals starting at the rostral end.
Most anamniotes have up to 6 additional pairs of lateral line cranial nerves.
Additionally, there is the nervus terminalus.
See image for the placement of some of the cranial nerves.

Describe the digestive system of a lamprey.
Food enters the mouth –> esophagus –> intestine –> anus/cloaca
Lamprey have a simple unspecialized digestive system as they are able to continuously feed on blood.
Describe the digestive system of a shark.
Food enters mouth –> esophagus –> j-shaped stomach –> enters the intestine (duodenum) –> intestine (ileum) –> colon –> rectum –> anus/cloaca
Describe the intestines of a mammal.
Small intestine: duodenum, jujenum, ileum
Large intestine: colon, rectum.
How many aortic arches do Lampreys have?
6 aortic arches
How many aortic arches do sharks have?
5.
They lost aortic arch I, which originally went to the mandibular arch (visceral arch 1).
How many aortic arches do amphibians have?
They have 3.
When tetrapods evolved lungs, the aortic arches were modified. Arches I, II and V were lost.
Arch III became the carotid system.
Arch IV becamre the systemic arteries.
Arch VI became the pulmonary arteries.

























































































