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Animal Science 2200 > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What compartment of the ruminant stomach is the largest?

A

Rumen

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2
Q

What does a BCS score of 1 mean? What does a BCS score of 5 mean? What is the ideal BCS?

A

1 = emaciated, 5=obese, 3=ideal

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3
Q

How many cows can the parlor at Waterman serve at a time?

A

16

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4
Q

What test can be done to determine if a cow has mastitis? What is the indicator of mastitis in this test?

A

California mastitis test, if the milk doesn’t mix with the purple solution the cow has mastitis

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5
Q

What is the average weight/age of a harvested pig?

A

275 lbs and 6 months

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6
Q

___________ is a good source of energy, protein, and fiber.

A

Cotton seed

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7
Q

What is the toal time from ovulation to laying of chicken eggs?

A

25.5 hours

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8
Q

How many eggs will a pig ovulate, and what percentage of those will be fertilized?

A

20+ eggs, 80-90%

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9
Q

Why are the tails docked in lambs?

A

Sanitation becomes an issue due to accumultion of feces. The tail is not usd to swat flies as in cows and horses

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10
Q

What four things is wool evaluated on?

A
  1. Yield
  2. Diameter
  3. length
  4. Strength
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11
Q

What does the USDA inspection allow OSU’s meat lab to do?

A

Allows the meat to be transported across state lines

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12
Q

An elastrator can be used for what two things?

A

Tail docking and Castration

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13
Q

What color egg doest he Golden Comet lay?

A

Brown

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14
Q

What characteristics of the cecum allow it to stow the rate of passage for fermentation?

A

Sacculations

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15
Q

What are the three reasons to shoe horses?

A

Traction, Protection, and Correction

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16
Q

What is the goal of the beef industry?

A

To satisfy consumer demand for palatable, tender, consisten, edible meat

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17
Q

What three things is the bulk tank used for?

A
  1. Milk storage
  2. Agitation
  3. Temperature Control
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18
Q

What are the gestation crate restrictions?

A
  • The nose and tail cannot touch the crate at the same time
  • Both sides of the pig cannot touch the crate at the same time
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19
Q

What is the most common commercial laying breed of chicken?

A

White leghorn

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20
Q

What is the gestation time for sheep?

A

155 days

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21
Q

What are the two most popular cuts of chicken meat?

A

Breast and chicken wings

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22
Q

____________ is inflammation of the lamina of the inner hoof wall.

A

Laminitis

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23
Q

_______ is the main fluid from wich milk is derived.

A

Blood

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24
Q

What percentage of the colostrum produced by cows is high enough quality to use by modern standards?

A

less than 30%

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25
Q

How many pairs of ribs does a pig have?

A

14-17

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26
Q

What percentage of the milk supply is processed into cheese?

A

40%

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27
Q

What are the three reasons why calves are placed in hutches?

A
  1. Time to establish immune system
  2. Ensures each calf is fiven the proper amount of food and water
  3. Prevents calves from suckling one another
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28
Q

How are the wholes in swiss cheese made?

A

Bacteria that is used to inoculate milk creates CO2 during the aging process. After the curds are pressed, the CO2 creates air pockets.

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29
Q

What are the four ways to evaluate a layer hen?

A
  1. Fell the width of the pubic bones
  2. Measure the depth of body
  3. Push/pinch the abdomen
  4. Evaluate pigment in the shanks/scales of legs
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30
Q

The _______ is the “true stomach” of the ruminant and is most similar to the nonruminant stomach.

A

Abomasum

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31
Q

How often is milk collected at Waterman Dairy?

A

Every other day

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32
Q

Why is an insulated cup used in semen collection?

A

To maintian the temperature of semen and block light from damaging sperm cells

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33
Q

To legally sell milk, ________ is required, while ________ is not.

A

Pasteurization, homogenization

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34
Q

What tool can be used to test the quality of colostrum?

A

Colostromete/densimeter

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35
Q

Only the ________ ovary is functional in poultry

A

Left

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36
Q

What are the three most common microorganisms in the rumen?

A

Protozoa, Bacteria, fungi

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37
Q

How are carcasses hung on the hooks?

A

By the achilles tendon in the hock

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38
Q

What is the site of fertilization?

A

The oviduct

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39
Q

What is a disadvantage to group housing in pigs?

A

Increases violence until a heiarchy is established

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40
Q

OSU’s harvest facility is both _____ and ______ inspected.

A

USDA, state

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41
Q

What are the five major whole cuts of pork?

A
  1. Loin
  2. Belly
  3. Ham
  4. Picnic shoulder
  5. Boston Butt
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42
Q

What are the three structures of the horse hoof called?

A

Heel, quarter, toe

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43
Q

What is used to render swine senseless?

A

Electric Wand

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44
Q

Why is corn silage stored in ag bags?

A
  1. Exposure to air is minimized
  2. Hazards associated with silos are reduced
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45
Q

How soon should colostrum be given?

A

Most efficient in the first 12 hours after birth

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46
Q

Why is knowing the weight of a horse important?

A

For medication, deworming, and feeding

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47
Q

What is used to disinfect the teat before and after milking and what is the most commonly used disinfectant?

A

Germicidal Teat Dip, iodine

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48
Q

What is rumination?

A

The process of regurgitation, remastication, and re-swalling of food that was previously consumed

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49
Q

What is mastitis?

A

Inflammation and infection of the mammary gland

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50
Q

What are the four signs of estrus in pigs?

A
  1. Lordosis
  2. Swollen Vulva
  3. Mucosal Discharge
  4. Perked Ears
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51
Q

What is the ideal temperature for calves?

A

101.5

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52
Q

Why is unfrozen/fresh semen used in artificial insemination in pigs?

A

Boar sperm does not survive the freeze/thaw process well

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53
Q

What are the three benefits of Jersey cows?

A
  1. Higher milk fat so milk is sold for a higher price
  2. Require less space
  3. Easy calving
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54
Q

What must a gallon of ice cream weigh?

A

At least 4.5 lbs.

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55
Q

When separating milk into its components, what is used to coagulate the milk?

A

Acetic Acid

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56
Q

What is a cutting wire used to do?

A

Cut Horns

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57
Q

_______ contains 45% nitrogen. This can be used by bacteria in the rumen to make microbial protein.

A

Urea

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58
Q

What is the oily substance separated from wool that can be used in skin care products?

A

Lanolin

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59
Q

What machine can be used to measure back fat thickness and loin muscle area?

A

Ultrasound Machine

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60
Q

_______ are the most closely related classification of poultry.

A

Strains

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61
Q

What is the wool from one sheep called?

A

Fleece

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62
Q

What are the two causes of mastitis?

A

Environmental (inorganic environment/bedding is the best prevetion) and Contagious (spreads from cow to cow)

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63
Q

How soon after birth must a calf be given colostrum?

A

Within the first 12 hours

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64
Q

How often are horses’ hooves typically trimmed?

A

6-8 weeks

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65
Q

By _______, group housing will be required for sows that are confirmed pregnant.

A

2025

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66
Q

What is the hot water bath used for in harvesting meat? What is the temperature and how long is the carcass left in it?

A

To remove hair from swine, 138-143 degrees, 3-5 minutes

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67
Q

Why is the white leghorn the most common laying breed?

A
  1. Comes into production early
  2. Stays in production the longest
  3. Lays the most eggs in the first year
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68
Q

How do round worms spread throughout a sheep flock?

A

Adult parasites lay eggs in the gastrointestinal tract, the eggs are shed through the feces and hatch, grazing sheep ingest the larvae, and they spread

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69
Q

Why are brown eggs typically more expensive than white?

A

Birds that lay brown eggs are bigger and lay fewer eggs. The higher cost is due to lower productivity.

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70
Q

What is TMR?

A

Total Mixed Ration

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71
Q

In domestic animals, _________ is considered the most economically important trait.

A

reproduction

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72
Q

What position is ideal for calves to be born?

A

Front legs and head first

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73
Q

Sheep are ______ day breeders.

A

Short

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74
Q

The Omasum is known as the _________ _________ and is the site of ________ absorption

A

Butchers Bible, Water

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75
Q

What two pieces of equipment are used for ear identification in cattle?

A

Tattoo clamp and ear tag clamp

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76
Q

Forelimbs are responsible for distributing ___% of the weight of the horse.

A

60

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77
Q

What actually kills the animal?

A

Exsanguination

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78
Q

What is the purpose of stabilizers in ice cream?

A

To help hold the air bubbles together to improve texture.

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79
Q

Golden Comet birds are more ______ than the white leghorn. As a result, they are better to use for _______ production.

A

Docile, cage-free

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80
Q

What is the milk producing unit?

A

Alveoli

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81
Q

What is the purpose of emulsifiers in ice cream?

A

to keem the ice cream smooth by aiding in the distribution of fat molecules

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82
Q

What lines the Rumen?

A

Papillae

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83
Q

What is used to measure the average weight of a horse and where is it placed?

A

Weight tape, placed across the withers and around the heart girth

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84
Q

What is the ideal position for lambs to be born?

A

Front feet and head first

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85
Q

The sheep industry accounts for what percentae of cash receipts received from livestock enterprises?

A

Less than 1%

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86
Q

What is the gestation length in cattle?

A

285 days

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87
Q

Ohio ranks _____ in terms of egg production.

A

2nd

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88
Q

What are carcasses washed with to prevent E. Coli. contamination in meat?

A

Lactic Acid

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89
Q

Where is the electric wand placed in pigs?

A

Behind the ears followed by the chest region

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90
Q

Carcass weight is ____% of total body weight.

A

75

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91
Q

Why is the cow’s feed mixed together?

A

Ensures consisten nutrition and prevents sorting of the feed by the cows

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92
Q

What sheep breed is known for being small and efficient?

A

Southdown

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93
Q

Why is the pigment of the legs evaluated in layers?

A

Pigment is fat soluble. When hens are in production the pigment goes to the yolk and the hen starts to bleach.

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94
Q

By definition, what percentage of milk fat must ice cream contain?

A

10%

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95
Q

Why is a sample of milk taken each time the milk is picked up from the bulk tank?

A

To test for antibiotics and somatic cell count

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96
Q

_____________ is a procedure in which semen is collected from the male and placed into the female’s uterus or cervix, using artificial means rather than copulation.

A

Artificial Insemination

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97
Q

Average dose of semen for artificial insemination in pigs is how many sperm cells?

A

3-5 billion

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98
Q

What does the RFID enable the managers at the OSU swine center to do?

A

It allows programmed amounts of feed to be given to each individual pig to monitor feed intake by reading the ID as each pig enters the feeder.

99
Q

Why and when is iodine used in dairy cattle?

A

Used before and after milking to prevent infection of the mammory gland

100
Q

What unit is wool measured in?

A

Microns

101
Q

What 5 things can be found on a cow’s ear tag?

A
  1. ID Number
  2. Sire ID
  3. Dam ID
  4. Sexed Semen (if used)
  5. Date of birth
102
Q

What does lactic acid in corn silage do?

A

Decreases pH for good preservation of feed

103
Q

Cheese consists primarily of the ____ and ________ ________ from the milk?

A

Fat, casein protein

104
Q

What kind of horses are found at the OSU equine facility?

A

Quarter Horses

105
Q

What are the two common methods of pasteurization?

A
  1. High temperature/Short time
  2. Ultra-high temperature
106
Q

Are strains associated with purebred poultry lines?

A

No

107
Q

What does the letter “P” indicate on a cow’s ear tag?

A

Polled

108
Q

What does the milking machine measure and why?

A

Measures conductivity which is an indicator of somatic (white blood cell) count

109
Q

What sheep breed has coarse wool?

A

Lincoln

110
Q

What is a CIDR used to do?

A

Synchronize estus and release progesterone

111
Q

What is BCS and what scale is it measured on?

A

Body Condition Score, 1-5

112
Q

What does PQA stand for?

A

Pork Quality Assurance

113
Q

What is an advantage of the double 8 herringbone parlor?

A

Easy to visually inspect udders

114
Q

What is the pork industry average loin back fat thickness?

A

.75 in

115
Q

How many times a year are a sheep’s hooves trimmed?

A

2-3

116
Q

What makes wool itchy?

A

Vegetable matter (Hay, dirt)

117
Q

What sheep breed is known for wool on the head?

A

Hampshire

118
Q

Poultry are ________, meaning the development of young occurs outside the body and fertilized inside the body.

A

Oviparous

119
Q

Candling can indicate _________.

A

Freshness

120
Q

What is corn silage stored in?

A

Ag bags

121
Q

What is the main indicator of a sheep’s age?

A

The number, condition, and order of eruption of the theeth

122
Q

What is founder?

A

Displacement of the coffin bone of the foot in horses

123
Q

What structure surrounds the alveoli and contract in response to oxytocin release?

A

Myoepithelial cells

124
Q

When is it acceptable to use raw milk to make cheese?

A

When the cheese is aged 60 days.

125
Q

Why must embryos signal their presence?

A

To maintain the corpus luteum, which is essential for maintenance of pregnancy

126
Q

What sheep breed is known for being prolific?

A

Finn

127
Q

This piece of equipment cuts and cauterizes a lamb’s tail

A

Electric tail docker

128
Q

What is the feed conversion rate for chickens?

A

2: 1

129
Q

What breed was the brown bird in lab?

A

Golden Comet

130
Q

Consumption of fluid milk has been _______ since the 1960’s.

A

Declining

131
Q

What is the average growth per month of a horse’s hoof?

A

3/8”

132
Q

What sheep breed is known for breeding out of season?

A

Dorset

133
Q

What are the four purposes for flipping a sheep?

A
  1. Trim Hooves
  2. Shear
  3. Check teeth, eyes, ears
  4. Medicate with drench gun
134
Q

What is salt used to do in sausage?

A

It is used to draw out proteins to keep the ground meat together

135
Q

Why are farrowing crates important?

A

They prevent the sow from laying on the piglets and provide the piglets an area away from the mother.

136
Q

What two structures make up the large intestine?

A

Cecum and colon

137
Q

What are the four components of the PQA Plus Site Assessment?

A
  1. Record Keeping Criteria
  2. Facility Criteria
  3. Animal Observation
  4. Final Summary and Action Plan
138
Q

What are the three most common volatile fatty acids found in the rumen?

A

Proprionate, butyrate, and acetate

139
Q

What type of milking parlor does Waterman have?

A

Double 8 Herringbone

140
Q

Average boar ejaculate contains how many sperm cells?

A

40-80 billion

141
Q

What are the three stages in parturition?

A
  1. The uterus begins to contract and the cervix dialates
  2. Labor and delivery
  3. Expulsion of the placenta
142
Q

_________ is the greatest hormone prior to ovulation when a mature ovulatory follicle is present, __________ is greatest when a mature corpus luteum is present, and _________ is responsible for the regression of the corpus luteum.

A

Estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandin

143
Q

Sows and piglets are placed in a _____ _______.

A

Farrowing Crate

144
Q

Wool is flame _______ and Moisture __________.

A

Flame retardant and moisture wicking

145
Q

By definition, ice cream must contain _____% non-fat milk solids.

A

6%

146
Q

What is a craftsman who trims and shoes horse’s hooves called?

A

Farrier

147
Q

What is the primary acid in corn silage?

A

Lactic acid

148
Q

What is Lordosis?

A

Mating posture in pigs; the pig stands rigidly for male or for a human leaning on her back

149
Q

What is the Golden Comet chicken a cross between?

A

Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn

150
Q

_________ is done with all commercial egg production and is using a strong light source to shine into the eggs.

A

Candleing

151
Q

What is used to render cattle and sheep senseless?

A

Captive Bolt Gun

152
Q

How many times a day are cows milked at Waterman?

A

Twice

153
Q

What is the most common internal parasite affecting the sheep industry?

A

Round worms

154
Q

When evaluating the freshness of an egg by candleing, what is beeing looked at?

A

The air cell

155
Q

What does pasteurization do?

A

Kills the bacteria that promotes disease.

156
Q

What is thrush?

A

An infection caused by anaerobic bacteria

157
Q

How many compartments does the stomach of the pseudoruminant have?

A

three

158
Q

What is the pork industry average loin muscle area?

A

4.7 in2

159
Q

What is a drench gun used to control?

A

Parasites

160
Q

What are the two major causes of death in sheep?

A

Parasites and Predators (dogs and cyotes)

161
Q

__________ has a higher digestibility than whole, unprocessed corn due to increased surface are for enzyme action on starch molecules.

A

Cracked corn

162
Q

How many Jersey cows does Waterman have?

A

100

163
Q

What does colostrum provide calves with?

A

Antibodies and immunoglobulins

164
Q

What is forestrip?

A

This is done right before milking a cow to clean out the teat and stimulate oxytocin for milk let down.

165
Q

There are ____ inches in a hand.

A
  1. Anything less than a hand is given in inches followin a colon (17:2 means 17 hands and 2 inches)
166
Q

What machine can be used to confirm pregnancies?

A

Ultrasound Machine

167
Q

Why are the monitors on the cows at Waterman Dairy important?

A
  1. Track Movement
    1. Incresed movement may indicate estrous
    2. Decreased movement may indicate sickness or injury
  2. Milking Parlor
    1. Sync milk production record
    2. Allows computer to alert workers of special needs/status
168
Q

What should the body ratio of width:depth:length be for a broiler?

A

1:1:1.5

169
Q

What does the rumen allow for in ruminants?

A

Extensive fermentation and high fiber diets

170
Q

What is the average temperature of a horse and what instrument is used to measure this?

A

99-101.5, rectal thermometer

171
Q

How much chicken does each person consume per year?

A

90 lbs.

172
Q

What is a clutch?

A

THe specific time pattern in which hens consecutively lay their eggs

173
Q

What breed of cow does Waterman Dairy have?

A

Jersey

174
Q

What compartment of the ruminant stomach captures foreign objects that may puncture the rumen?

A

Reticulum

175
Q

___________ is a mechanical dispersion of the lipid droplets under high pressure to reduce surface area.

A

Homogenization

176
Q

________ is a distrubance in the horse’s natural gait and may be indicative of injury or disease.

A

Lameness

177
Q

The label “organic” refers to ____________ and not the ________ of the milk.

A

Management practices, quality

178
Q

What hormone regulates the breeding season in sheep? Where is it secreted from?

A

Melatonin from the pineal gland

179
Q

What is the most common breed of broiler?

A

Cornish X White Rock

180
Q

What is the purpose of PQA?

A
  • Evaluate what is happening on the farm
  • Provide third-party eyes
  • Assure producers and employees are carrying out appropriate measures to assure food safety and animal well being
181
Q

Where is loin muscle area checked at in pigs?

A

10th rib

182
Q

What percentage of the swine industry uses artificial insemination?

A

98-99%

183
Q

What test allows sheep producers to identify animals infected with the barber pole worm and treat only infected animals?

A

FAMACHA eye color chart

184
Q

________ is a source of protein which has a high concentration of lysine.

A

Blood Meal

185
Q

What hormone stimulates milk let down?

A

Oxytocin

186
Q

What percentage of the milk supply is butter, frozen dairy products, and powdered milk?

A

30%

187
Q

If the cow is having difficulty calving _____ ________ can be used to pull the calf

A

Obstetrical Chains

188
Q

What are the two major divisions of chickens and what are each used for?

A

Broilers: Meat production

Layers: Egg production

189
Q

What is the function of the papillae that line the rumen?

A

Papillae increase surface area for absorption

190
Q

What are the four compartments of the ruminant stomach?

A

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

191
Q

What does CIDR stand for?

A

Controlled Internal Drug Release

192
Q

What percentage of the milk supply is procesed into fluid milk and cream?

A

30%

193
Q

What percentage of milk fat does ice cream range from?

A

10-16%

194
Q

The whey consists primarily of ______ and ______ ________.

A

Lactose, whey protein

195
Q

What are the three layers found in milk after centrifuging?

A

Top: Fat

Middle: Aqueous layer/ water and lactose

Bottom: Protein

196
Q

What are windows in eggs?

A

Uneven shell densities

197
Q

What are the four requirements that must be met to earn USDA organic label?

A
  1. Cows must not be treated with bovine growth hormone (rBST)
  2. Cows are not treated with antibiotics, and if they are they cannot return to the herd for 12 months
  3. Feed must be grown without herbicides and pesticides
  4. Cows must have access to pasture
198
Q

What are the three Q’s of colostrum?

A

Quality, Quantity, Quickness

199
Q

What is grease wool?

A

Shorn wool that has not been washed.

200
Q

What compartment of the ruminant stomach is known as the “honeycomb” or “hardware stomach?”

A

Reticulum

201
Q

Anything that compromises shell structure is downgraded to a ____.

A

B

202
Q

Why is artificial insemination used in 100% of the turkey industry?

A

Selection for large breasted turkeys has resulted in large breasted males that have trouble mounting females

203
Q

Why do multiple follicles develop on both ovaries in swine?

A

They are litter bearing species

204
Q

Lactose-free milk is developed by the enzymatic digestion of _______ with the enzyme _______.

A

Lactose, lactase

205
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in sheep?

A

17 days

206
Q

What is a drawback of the double 8 Herring bone parlor?

A

Cows must exit one at a time, slowing down the milking process.

207
Q

What is the order for the eruption of permanent incisors in sheep?

A

one pair at one year of age, two pairs at two years of age, three pairs at three years of age, and four pairs by four years of age

208
Q

How many different varieties of cheese are produced?

A

400

209
Q

What does homogenization do?

A

Reduces the tendancy for fat to separate and rise to the top of the milk.

210
Q

What are five exapmles of dairy alternatives?

A
  1. Soy milk
  2. Nut milks
  3. Rice milk
  4. Hemp milk
  5. Oat milk
211
Q

What country is the largest producer of cow’s milk in the world?

A

U.S.

212
Q

How many broilers are produced each year in the U.S.

A

9 billion

213
Q

What are the three tools used for hoof trimming and what are their function?

A
  1. Nippers
    1. Trim the toe of the hoof
  2. Hoof Knife
    1. Glesh out the sole to expose to oxygen and prevent thrush
  3. Rasp
    1. Takes of the toe flare
214
Q

What is the largest money generating commodity in the agriculture industry?

A

The beef industry

215
Q

___________ or _______ seen by candleing will cause an egg to be discarded.

A

Blood spots or meat spots

216
Q

What is the main support ligament for the cow’s udder? What ligament provides additional support?

A

Median suspesory ligament, lateral suspensory ligament

217
Q

What are three advantages to artificial insemination?

A
  1. An increased rate of genetic improvement by superior species
  2. The reduction or elimination of the cost and risk in owning and maintaining sires
  3. The reduced risk of reproductive disease
218
Q

What do the sows at OSU have in their ear?

A

RFID (Radiofrequency ID)

219
Q

What are gestation crates used for?

A

To prevent tail biting and for easy management

220
Q

What are body checks in eggs?

A

When the hen cracks the egg internally and reshells over the crack.

221
Q

Why are heads removed from the carcass?

A

To inspect the lymph nodes for disease or infection

222
Q

What can be used to measure the height of a horse?

A

Height tape

223
Q

What are the four steps of cheese production?

A
  1. Milk is inoculated with specific bacteria
  2. Fermentation is allowed to take place
  3. Rennin is added to coagulate the milk
  4. The curds are separated from the why
224
Q

What unit are horses measured in?

A

Hands

225
Q

What is a balling gun used for?

A

To provide necessary pills/tablets to animals

226
Q

How many gallons of blood must flow through the mammary gland to produce one gallon of milk?

A

500 gallons

227
Q

How long should antibiotic records be kept?

A

at least 12 months

228
Q

What percentage of milk fat must “premium” labled ice cream contain?

A

greater than 14%

229
Q

What whole pork cut is generally used in ground products?

A

Picnic shoulder

230
Q

What is the leading cause of death in young lambs?

A

Mismothering, leading to starvation

231
Q

What is overrun?

A

Air that is incorporated in ice cream to reduce the density.

232
Q

What is Capillary Refill Time (CRT) used for and how is it done?

A

To determine if a horse is properly hydrated, done by pressing the thumb into the gums

233
Q

Cheese consumption has increased nearly _________ in the last four decades.

A

four-fold

234
Q

Why is the majority of milk intended for human consumption pasteurized?

A

Raw milk has the potential to transmit pathogens to humans.

235
Q

What are the two fine wool sheep breeds?

A

Rambouillet and Merino

236
Q

What four categories can carcasses be divided into?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Bone
  3. Fat
  4. Skin
237
Q

What is a sow’s average litter size?

A

9-13

238
Q

When does ovulation occur in a sow?

A

50-60 hours after the onset of estrus

239
Q

What is the average pulse of a horse and what instrument is used to measure this?

A

28-40 bpm, stethoscope

240
Q

What sheep breed is known for being a high strung, hardy breed?

A

Cheviot

241
Q

Why do we push/pinch the abdomen when evaluating layers?

A

Fat is stored in the abdomen. Excess fat may suggest that the hen is not producing as efficiently

242
Q

What are the three layers in the rumen?

A

Air (top), Fiber mat (middle), Liquid (bottom)

243
Q

What is the average respiration rate of a horse and how is it measured?

A

8-16 breaths per minute, measured by watching the movement of the flank

244
Q

What hormone is resonponsible for estrus behavior?

A

Estrogen

Animal Science 2200 (1 decks)

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