Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiotherapy > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

general contraindications

A

pacemaker, anterior neck, eyes, brain, heart, testicles, ovaries, pregnancy, neoplasm, infection, phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, active hemorrhage, menstruation, decreased sensitivity, inability to communicate, recent or heavy scarring, tumors, tuburculosis, osteomyelitis, metal implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – indications

A

introduce therapeutic ions locally in a noninvasive manner, allows for prolonged treatment effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – contraindications

A

general contraindications, damaged or open skin lesions, known sensitivity to therapeutic ions, impaired sensation to heat or pain, recent scarring, metal embedded close to skin in treatment area, electronic implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – physiological effects

A

transmembrane transport of ions, increased cell permeability, upregulate ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – set up

A

two unequal pads (monopolar technique), small active pad soaked in ionic medicine placed over treatment area, large dispersive pad (at least twice the size) placed over broad, flat area at least 6-8in away. (If a bath is used, use the largest dispersive pad) The polarity of the active pad must match the polarity of the medicine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – What is the rule for maximum intensity when applying continuous LVG at the active pad?

A

Miliamperage rule – to ensure that the reaction isn’t too strong the maximum amount of current is limited to 0.5-1.0 mA/in2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – What is the initial treatment time? Why? Subsequent time?

A

Start with 3-4min and check skin for reactions before continuing. Usually 10-20min total.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – What is the typical mA range for iontophoresis?

A

40 mA*min – usually 1-5mA for 10-20min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – How is the dosage calculated?

A

mA * T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – How is the polarity of the active electrode decided?

A

same polarity as the ion beign dispersed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – what is the polarity of water?

A

either positive or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

low voltage galvanism (iontophoresis) – what is the indication for water as a therapeutic substance?

A

hyperhydrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

high voltage pulsed current – indications

A

pain, edema, hypertonicity, spasm, tissue healing, muscle re-education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

high voltage pulsed current – contraindications

A

general contraindications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

high voltage pulsed current – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

high voltage pulsed current – acute muscle strain set up

A 
Rationale – gate control
Frequency – 80-150 pps
Intensity – sensory
Pad placement – either side of treatment area
Continuous mode for 15-20min
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

high voltage pulsed current – chronic muscle hypertonicity set up

A

Rationale – muscle fatigue
Frequency – 80-150 pps
Intensity – motor
Pad placement – over muscle to be treated
Continuous mode with wide pulse duration for 15-20min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

high voltage pulsed current – acute edema

A

Rationale – negative pole repels plasma
Frequency – 80-150 pps (100 does the job)
Intensity – sensory
Pad placement – either side of treatment area
Continuous mode for 15-20min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

high voltage pulsed current – chronic edema

A

Rationale – muscle contraction to move large proteins into lymph
Frequency – 1-15pps
Intensity – motor
Pad placement – either side of treatment area
Continuous mode OR surge mode with 10sec on 10 sec off for 15-20min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

low voltage alternating current (sine/biphasic) – indications

A

pain, chronic edema, hypertonicity, spasm, tissue healing, strengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

low voltage alternating current (sine/biphasic) – contraindications

A

general contraindications

22
Q

low voltage alternating current (sine/biphasic) – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

23
Q

low voltage alternating current (sine/biphasic) – delayed onset muscle soreness set up

A

Pad placement – either side of treatment area
Frequency – 40-50pps
Intensity – motor to patient tolerance
Pulse mode at 5pps OR surge mode at 3-6 surges per minute for 15-20min

24
Q

low voltage alternating current (sine/biphasic) – chronic muscle hypertonicity set up

A

Pad placement – either side of treatment area
Frequency – 80-150pps
Intensity – motor to patient tolerance
Tetanize mode for 15-20min

25
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – indications

A

pain

26
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – contraindications

A

general contraindications

27
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

28
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – acute radicular pain set up

A

Frequency – 85pps
Pulse width – 75 microseconds
Intensity – sensory
Pad placement – 2 pads on either side to make a cross that meets at target treatment area
Treatment time – 15-20min in office, up to 20hrs at home

29
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – chronic pain set up

A 
Frequency – 5pps
Pulse width – 200 microseconds
Intensity – mild motor
Pad placement – 2 pads on either side to make a cross that meets at target treatment area or placed at acupuncture points
Treatment time – 15-20min
30
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – What is the purpose of burst mode or modulation mode?

A

To prevent nerve accommodation

31
Q

TENS (conventional and low frequency) – What’s the difference between burst mode and modulation mode?

A

Burst mode – 5-10 pulses in bursts of ¼ sec on and off

Modulation mode – pulse rate and pulse width change by 50%

32
Q

interferential (quadripolar) – indications

A

swelling, spasm, pain

33
Q

interferential (quadripolar) – contraindications

A

general contraindications, nearby diathermy machine (15-20’)

34
Q

interferential (quadripolar) – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

35
Q

interferential (quadripolar) – chronic pain set up

A

Pad placement – four points of a square around the treatment area, the negative and positive pads of each channel placed diagonally from each other
Rationale – opiate release
Frequency – 5bps
Intensity – mild motor
Turn on vector sweep and frequency sweep on, treat for 15-20min

36
Q

interferential (quadripolar) – acute pain set up

A

Pad placement – four points of a square around the treatment area, the negative and positive pads of each channel placed diagonally from each other
Rationale – gate control
Frequency – 80-150bps
Intensity – sensory
Turn on vector sweep and frequency sweep on, treat for 15-20min

37
Q

interferential (bipolar) – how is premodulated different from quadipolar?

A

There is only one channel (2 pads), premodulated will effect all of the tissue on the way to the target tissue so it’s better for superficial treatment, quadipolar is better for deep treatment

38
Q

Ultrasound – indications

A

tissue healing, soft tissue contracture, scar tissue, pain, muscle spasm, neuralgia, bursitis, tendonitis, calcium deposits

39
Q

Ultrasound – contraindications

A

general contraindications (except for metal implants), thrombosis, severe arterial disease, over spinal column after leminectomy, bony prominences, epiphyseal growth plates before maturity

40
Q

Ultrasound – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

41
Q

Ultrasound – set up

A

Keep sound head moving to prevent hot spots (standing waves), don’t move too fast, sound head parallel to the body surface. Use gel (direct), a water bath (indirect), or a bladder (indirect) to transmit through. 2-3 times the size of soundhead

42
Q

Ultrasound – direct technique

A

contact with gel
Acute conditions – less than 0.5 W/cm2 pulsed
Chronic conditions – less than 1.0 W/cm2 continuous

43
Q

Ultrasound – indirect technique

A

underwater or through a bladder or cushion
Add 0.5 to direct technique
Acute conditions – less than 1.0 W/cm2 pulsed
Chronic conditions – less than 1.5 W/cm2 continuous

44
Q

Ultrasound – treatment time

A

Acute – 3-5min

Chronic – 8-10min

45
Q

diathermy (inductive) – indications

A

pain, relieve sinus pressure

46
Q

diathermy (inductive) – contraindications

A

metal in treatment area, water, pregnancy, cancer, synthetic materials must be insulated, electrical devices within 15ft, remove hearing aids, moisture, fluid filled cysts, remove contact lenses, peripheral vascular disease, systemic edema, menstruation, testicles, sensory deficits, bony prominences, epiphyseal centers in children, osteoporosis

47
Q

diathermy (inductive) – physiological effects

A

increased cell permeability, upregulates ATP, general increase in cell activity

48
Q

diathermy (inductive) – dosages

A

I – athermic (non-detectible warmth)
II – barely perceptible warmth
III – pleasant warmth
IV – maximum tolerable warmth

49
Q

diathermy (inductive) – set up

A

Place head parallel to treatment area close enough that the 2ft sphere of influence includes the treatment area. Heat will penetrate 5cm. Frequency is 27,000,000pps

50
Q

diathermy (inductive) – precautions

A

If someone feels too hot, you may have already caused tissue damage. Make sure you insulate with a towel to prevent moisture from accumulating and causing superficial burns.

Physiotherapy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions