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Biology Lab > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the magnifications of a compound microscope?

A

40, 100, 400, 1000

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2
Q

How do you find the volume of a Coccus cell?

A

4/3pir^3

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3
Q

How do you find the volume of a Bacillus cell?

A

pir^2h

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4
Q

Which is nucleated; frog blood or human blood?

A

frog blood

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5
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

A

cell walls and vacuoles

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6
Q

What are the 3 bacteria cell shapes?

A

Bacillus, Coccus and spirillium

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7
Q

What is pH?

A

Concentration of Protons/Hydronium ions in solution (H+/H3O+) ranges from 0-14

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8
Q

What is pOH?

A

The concentration of Hydroxide ions in solution

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9
Q

What does pH + pOH =?

A

14.0

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10
Q

What is waters pH usually?

A

Typically around 7

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11
Q

What are buffers?

A

Buffers are typically a mixture of a weak acid and a conjugate base that prevents drastic change in pH of solution. It neutralizes both acid and base

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12
Q

What is a peptide?

A

Amino acid monomer

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13
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

a peptide composed of 2 amino acid monomers

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14
Q

What is a polypeptide

?

A

A peptide composed of multiple amino acid monomers

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15
Q

What is BSA?

A

Bovine Serum Albumin- protein standard

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16
Q

What does Biuret Reagent react with?

A

amino groups, specifically peptide bonds

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17
Q

What does Biuret Reagent change?

A

the wavelength of light. The color changes to pink or yellow as the result of a positive test

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18
Q

What does the standard curve for the biuret reagent predict?

A

because it is linear it is a good predictor for different protein concentrations

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19
Q

What are the prefixes for the metric system high to low?

A

Mega-kilo-deci-centi-milli-micro-nano-pico-femto

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20
Q

How do you convert F to C?

A

C= 5/9 (F-32)

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21
Q

How do you convert C to F?

A

F= 9/5C + 32

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22
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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23
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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24
Q

What does hydrophillic mean?

A

water loving

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25
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Water hating

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26
Q

What does amphipathic mean?

A

Water loving and hating

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27
Q

What are the purines?

A

A and G (2 rings)

28
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

T, C, and U (1 ring)

29
Q

What does meat tenderizer do?

A

it breaks up the cell membrane to gain access to the DNA in the nucleus

30
Q

What is the DNA absorbance equation?

A

A260/A280 = P

31
Q

What do methyl groups do in regards of DNA?

A

They restrict DNA so that the restrictive strain is not cleaved by its own DNA

32
Q

What is the charge of DNA?

A

It is negatively charged due to phosphate ions and moves towards a positive cathode

33
Q

What is agarose gel made out of?

A

GELSTAR

34
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Oxidation-Reduction reaction

35
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

loss of electrons

36
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

gain of electrons?

37
Q

What happens when you heat enzymes too much?

A

You can denature them changing the absorbance profile

38
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

polymers of sugars

39
Q

What does fermentation produce?

A

CO2 and alcohol (ethanol)

40
Q

What is the general equation of photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 12H2O + radiant energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

41
Q

What happens in light dependent reactions?

A

The capture of light energy and the production of NADPH and ATP

42
Q

What happens in light independent reactions?

A

Carbon fixation

43
Q

What is the most soluble?

A

Carotene

44
Q

What is the least soluble?

A

Chlorophyll B

45
Q

What does Phenol Red do?

A

It is used to measure pH in water of elodea/plants

a positive test turns water pink

46
Q

What does observed color of pigments mean?

A

light/wavelength that is not absorbed

47
Q

Do potatoes have more starch or turnips?

A

Potatoes

48
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the process by which molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

49
Q

What does the weight have to do with diffusion?

A

The lighter it is the faster the rate of diffusion

50
Q

Where does diffusion occur most rapidly?

A

in less dense media and in higher temperatures

51
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water over a membrane

52
Q

What is hypotonicity?

A

a solution with a higher concentration of solute

53
Q

What id hypertonicity?

A

A solution with a lower concentration of solute

54
Q

What is isotonicity?

A

A solution with an equal concentration of solute

55
Q

What happens when Benedicts reagent is oxidized?

A

the color changes from blue to orange/red

56
Q

What is brownian motion?

A

The random motion of particles suspended in fluid or gas

57
Q

What is stochastic process?

A

random probability distribution or pattern that can be organized statistically but not predicted precisely

58
Q

What is the path of blood as it flows through the cardiovascular system of a fetal pig?

A

blood leaves the heart through the aorta
goes out to the body and returns though the vena cava
then the right atrium, right ventricle
then it goes to the lungs via the pulmanary artery
returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium then the left ventricle
then it exits the heart through the aorta.

59
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

an observed genetic trait

60
Q

what is a genotype?

A

specific genes carried by an individual or cell

61
Q

What happens with a monohybrid cross?

A

they only cross 1 trait

62
Q

What happens with a dihybrid cross?

A

it is used to cross 2 traits

63
Q

What is Mendel’s first law?

A

The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.

64
Q

What is Mendel’s second law?

A

Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.

65
Q

What color has more energy?

A

blue

66
Q

Does UV or Visible light have more energy?

A

UV

Biology Lab (1 decks)

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