LAB EXAM STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
What reagent tests for reducing sugars?
Benedict’s solution (requires boiling).
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids.
What does the Biuret test detect?
Proteins.
What’s the difference between hypothesis and prediction?
Hypothesis: testable idea. Prediction: specific outcome if the hypothesis is true.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What are the parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, cell body, axon.
What’s the function of restriction enzymes?
Cut DNA at specific sequences.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
What does a DNA ladder do in electrophoresis?
Serves as a size reference for DNA fragments.
What does clumping in a blood typing tray indicate?
Agglutination—presence of matching antigens and antibodies.
What is the purpose of Benedict’s reagent?
To detect reducing sugars.
Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
Proteins.
What is the dependent variable in a photosynthesis light experiment?
Oxygen production rate.
Which solution causes red blood cells to swell?
Hypotonic solution.
Which inhibition type binds to the allosteric site?
Non-competitive inhibition.
Why do smaller DNA fragments move faster in electrophoresis?
They experience less resistance.
What is the purpose of a negative control in experiments?
To show the observed effect is due to the independent variable.
Which pigment absorbs light during photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
Which blood type has anti-A antibodies and no antigens?
Type O.
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
Thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
What are the four major macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids (not tested).
What are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
Dehydration synthesis joins monomers, hydrolysis breaks them apart.
What does a spectrophotometer do?
Measures absorbance to estimate protein concentration.
What is the role of a control group?
Used as a baseline to compare experimental results.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic breakdown of glucose to produce energy and regenerate NAD+.
What type of fermentation do yeast perform?
Alcoholic fermentation.
What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?
They shrink due to water loss.
What does paper chromatography separate?
Pigments based on solubility in solvents.
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA formed by combining genetic material from different sources.
What do B cells and T cells do?
B cells produce antibodies, T cells kill infected or tumor cells.
