Lab exam reproductive system

Question 1

fertilization definition

Answer 1

sperm’s chromosomes combine with those of secondary ooctye to form fertilized egg (zygote)

Question 2

What is a zygote?

Answer 2

fertilized egg

Question 3

What is cleavage?

Answer 3

An early embryonic phase consisting of rapid mitotic cell divisions without intervening growth periods; product is a blastocyst.

Question 4

What is gastrulation?

Answer 4

the two-layered embryonic disc transforms into a three-layered embryo in which the primary germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 5

Process of Cleavage in steps

Answer 5

1. Fertilized egg
2. 4 cell stage
3. Early Bastula
4. Later Bastula

Question 6

The 3 germ layers

Answer 6

ectoderm mesoderm endoderm

Question 7

Ectoderm (what systems does it create?)

Answer 7

epidermis, accessory skin structures, nervous system, and organs of special senses, epithelia of oral cavity, nasal cavity, anal canal, adrenal medulla, pituitary, and pineal glands

Question 8

mesoderm (what systems does it form)?

Answer 8

dermis, skeleton, skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle, cartilage, blood vessels, kidneys, ureters, most lympoid organs/tissues, internal reproductive organs, serous membranes, adrenal cortex

Question 9

Endoderm (what systems does it create)

Answer 9

epithelial lining of respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract,
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid and thyroid glands

Question 10

What is the placenta?

Answer 10

temporary organ formed from both fetal and maternal tissues

Question 11

Function of placenta

Answer 11

provides nutrients and O2 to developing fetus, carries away metabolic waste, and produces hormomes of pregnancy

Question 12

blastocyst

Answer 12

formed out of cleavage
its is fluid hollow shape composed of a single layer of a large flattened cells called trophoblast and implants to uterine wall

Question 13

embryoblast

Answer 13

accumulation of cells in the blastocyst from which the embryo develops as implantation continues. becomes a bilayered embryonic disc

Question 14

trophoblast

Answer 14

outer sphere of cells of blastocyst. secrete digestive enzymes and growth factors then it proliferates and forms 2 layers: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

Question 15

Chronioc villi

Answer 15

formed by chorion (outermost fetal membrane) become elaborate when in contact with maternal blood

Question 16

amnion

Answer 16

fetal membrane that forms a fluid filled sac around embryo

develops when cells of the epiblast fashion themselves into a transparent sac surrounding the amniotic cavity filled with amiotic fluid

Question 17

functions of amnion

Answer 17

protect and maintains temperature

Question 18

Chorion

Answer 18

cells from original embryoblast give rise to a layer of extraembryonic mesoderm that lines the inner surface of trophoblast that becomes the chorionic villi

Question 19

yolk sac

Answer 19

one of the extraembyronic membrane involved in early blood cell formation
formed from cells of primitive gut, arrange themselves in sac that hangs from ventral surface of embyro

Question 20

yolk sac function

Answer 20

main source of nutrition
forms part of gut
source of blood cells
location of primordial germ cells from gonads to produce sperm/ ova

Question 21

allantois

Answer 21

the embroynic membrane, its blood vessels develop into blood vessels of umbilical cord

forms as a small outpocketing of embyronic tissue at that caudal end of yolk sac

Question 22

The ______ is a structural base of the umbilical cord that links embryo to placenta and becomes part of urinary bladder.

Answer 22

allontois

Question 23

functions of allantois

Answer 23

disposal site for solid metabolic wastes (excreta)

structural base of umbilical cord

Question 24

Timing of human plantation

Answer 24

1. zygote
2. 4 Cells stage 2 DAYS
3. Morula 3 DAYS
4. Early Blastocyst 4 DAYS
5. Implanting Blastocyst 7-12 DAYS