Lab Exam (Bone & Muscle) Flashcards
Name the sharp process at the distal end of the radius?
Styloid process
Name the bone of the forearm involved in the formation of the elbow joint?
Ulnar
Name the lateral bone of the leg?
Fibula
Name the deep socket in the coxal bone that articulates with the femur?
Acetabulum
Name the point of attachment of the patellar ligament?
Tibial tuberosity
Name the tarsal bone that sits on the calcaneus?
Talus
Name the joint where the coxal (pubic) bones articulate anteriorly?
Pubis symphysis
Name the distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulnar?
Trochlea
Name the lateral bone of the forearm?
Radius
Name the bones that form the instep of the foot?
Metatarsals
Name the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?
Endosteum
The two ends of a long bone are known as?
Epiphysis
Osteocytes are found in little cavities known as?
Lacunae
Name one place that contain short bones?
Carpals or Tarsals
The cribiform plate allows fibers of this cranial nerve to enter the skull (name & number)?
Olfactory (I)
The dura mater attaches to this ethmoid bone structure?
Crista galli
These openings allow the spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord?
Intervertebral foramina
Name the weight-bearing portion of the vertebrae?
Body of vertebrae
Explain the disorder kyphosis?
Hunch back
Ribs 8-10, that attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages, are known as?
Vertebral chondral
A.flexes the elbow, supinates forearm
O. Supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process
I. Radial tuberosity
N. musculocutaneous nerve
Biceps Brachii
A. extends the elbow
O. Infraglenoid tubercule and diaphysis
I. Olecranon process
N. radial nerve
Triceps brachii
What are the bones of the skull?
Sphenoid bone Vomer bone Ethmoid bone Maxilla Zygomatic bone Mandible Palatine bone Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Temporal bone
What are the cavities of the skull?
Orbit
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Oral cavity
What are the four curvatures of the vertebral column?
Cervical curvature
Thoracic curvature
Lumbar curvature
Sacral curvature
Lateral curvatures in the vertebral column that give it a C or S shape when viewed from posterior or anterior side
Scoliosis
Exaggerated cervical and lumbar curvatures (normally seen in pregnant women bearing extra abdominal weight)
Lordosis
The thoracic curvature is exaggerated giving a hunchback appearance (arthritis, osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, etc)
Kyphosis
The first cervical vertebra
Atlas
The second cervical vertebra, which contains the dens
Axis
What’s the difference between the bodies of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?
Cervical- small and oval
Thoracic- larger and heart shaped
Lumbar- largest and kidney shaped
What are the six cranial bones?
Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal
What are the facial bones?
Vomer Inferior nasal concha Nasal Mandible Maxilla Palatine Zygomatic Lacrimal
What are the bones of the orbit?
Ethmoid Sphenoid Frontal Lacrimal Zygomatic Palatine Maxilla
What are the bones of the paranasal sinuses?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxilla
What’s the number of each type of vertebrae?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
List the three parts of the sternum (breastbone)?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Rib cage (12 ribs)
Costal cartilages
Intercostal spaces
Ribs
Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
Ribs 11 & 12 are floating ribs (no attached to the sternum)
Ribs
What are the bones of the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
What are the bones of the upper limb?
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
What are the bones of the lower limb?
Femur Tibia Fibula Patellar Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
What are the bones of the pelvic girdle?
Pelvic bone
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
Sacrum
Where two bones connect or contact
Articulation or joints
What are the three important functions of joints?
Enable movement
Provide stability
Allow long bones to lengthen
A.closes and protrudes lips
O. maxilla & mandible
I. skin & tissue of lips
N. facial nerve
obicularis oris
A.elevates the mandible
O. zygomatic arch
I. ramus of mandible (lateral)
N. mandibular nerve
masseter
A. flex head
I. mastoid process (Temporal bone)
O. manubrium and medial clavicle
N. Accessory nerve
sternocleidomastoid
A. causing inspiration (inhalation)
O. xiphoid process (sternum), lower ribs, costal & lumbar cartilages
I. central tendon of diaphragm
N. phrenic nerve
diaphragm
A. flexes the trunk
O. superior pubic bones
I. costal cartilages of lower ribs
N. ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves
rectus abdominus
A. flexes and adducts the arm
O. medial clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-7
I.greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N. medial and lateral pectoral nerves
pectoralis major
A. adducts and extends the arm
O. illiac crest, spinous processes of lower thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae
I. floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
N. thoracodorsal nerve
latissimus dorsi
A. abducts the arm
O. acromion and spine of scapula; lateral clavicle
I. deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N. axillary nerve
deltoid
A. extends the head and elevates the scapula
I. Lateral portion of clavicle
N. Accessory nerve
O. External occipital protuberance and cervical vertebrae
trapezius
A. laterally rotates the humerus
O. Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I. Greater tubercle of the humerus
N. Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
Does not allow any movement between articulating bones
Synarthrosis
A. Assists abduction
O. Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I. Greater tubercle of humerus
N. Suprascapular nerve
Supraspinatus
A. Adducts,extends, and rotates arm medially
O. Posterior, lateral border of scapula
I. Greater tubercle of humerus
N. Axillary nerve
Teres minor
A. Adducts and rotates the humerus medially
O. Subscapular fossa of
I. Lesser tubercle of humerus
N. Subscapular nerves
Subscapularis
A. (pinky) flexes wrist, adducts hand
O. Medial chondyle of humerus, medial olecranon process of ulna
I. Pisiform, hamate, fifth metacarpal
N. Ulnar nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A. extends the knee, flexes the thigh
O. Anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum
I. Patellar and tibial tuberosity
N. Femoral nerve
Rectus femoris
A. extends the thigh, laterally rotates the thigh, and abducts the thigh
I. Gluteal tuberosity of femur
O. Posterior and lateral portions of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
N. Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus
A. Dorsiflexes the foot
I. medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
O. lateral chondyle and proximal dyaphysis of tibia
N. Deep fibular nerve
Tibialis anterior
A. Plantarflexes the foot
I. Posterior surface of calcaneus
O. Medial and lateral chondyles of the femur
N. Tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius
Moves a body part toward the midline
Adduction
The sesamoid bone that articulates with the distal end of the femoris?
Patellar
Moves body part away from the midline
Abduction
Decreases the angle between two bones
Flexion
Increases the angle between two bones
Extension
Turning of a bone along its own longitudinal axis
Rotation
Movement of a bone in a cone shaped radius (circular motion)
Circumduction
Movement of the foot and the ankle toward the leg
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the foot and ankle away from the leg
Plantarflexion
Movement of body part in a superior direction
Elevation
Movement of a body part in an inferior direction
Depression
Allows only a small amount of movement between articulating bones
Amphiarthrosis
Is freely moveable, allowing a wide variety of specific movement
Diarthrosis
What passes through the jugular foramen?
Jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, accessory nerve, and vagus nerve
What passes through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular nerve, trigeminal nerve, accessory meningeal artery
What passes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal vein, middle meningeal artery, meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
What passes through the foramen lacerum?
The artery and nerve pytergoid canal, venous drainage
What passes through the carotid canal?
Carotid artery
What passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve
What passes through the mandibular nerve?
Inferior alveolar vein and artery
What passes through the mental foramen?
Mental nerve
What passes through the incisive foramen?
Blood vessels and nerves
What passes through the supraorbital foramen?
Supraorbital nerve
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Spinal chord
