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EAS 100 > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Glacial

A

Deposited by moving ice

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2
Q

fluvial

A

deposited in by streams in rivers and floodplains

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3
Q

deltaic

A

deposition in sediment accumulations at river mouths

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4
Q

eolian

A

deposition by wind

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5
Q

lacustrine

A

deposition from lakes

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6
Q

littoral

A

deposition on beaches and coastlines

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7
Q

mudstone

A

sedimentary

  • mud particles (smaller than 1/16 mm)
  • deposited from slow moving or standing water
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8
Q

sandstone

A

sedimentary

  • sand particles (1/16mm-2mm)
  • deposited from water of moderate speed or wind
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9
Q

conglomerate

A

sedimentary

  • gravel particles (bigger than 2mm)
  • deposited from very fast moving water
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10
Q

Tillite

A

sedimentary

  • till particles (very mixed sizes)
  • deposited by moving or melting ice
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11
Q

coal

A

sedimentary

  • peat (plant remains)
  • deposited in forests and shallow swamps
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12
Q

limestone

A

Sedimentary

  • carbonate sediments (shells and other particles of lime)
  • deposited in shallow warm sea water
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13
Q

tuff

A

sedimentary

  • ash (small crystals and natural glass particles, often altered to pale clay)
  • deposited from volcanic eruptions
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14
Q

Quaternary

A

time PERIOD from 2.6Ma-present

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15
Q

marine

A

deposition from sea-water

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16
Q

Discharge

A

The volume of water that passes a point at a given second (velocity x depth of water x width of river, in m3/s)

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17
Q

paleosols

A

dark bands created when floods bring sediments that cover and kill vegetation

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18
Q

clinker

A

clay or mudstone that has experienced really high heat

ex. heat from a burning coal seam

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19
Q

How many L in a m3 of water?

A

1000L

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20
Q

Bed load saltation

A

small rocks are moved along the bottom of the river in bouncing motions

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21
Q

Latitude

A

the horizontal line that increase outward from the equator

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22
Q

longitude

A

vertical lines that increase outward from the prime meridian

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23
Q

contour lines close together indicate:

A

a steeper slope

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24
Q

contour lines farther apart indicate:

A

a more gradual slope

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25
Q

slope=?

A

elevation difference/distance

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26
Q

vertical exaggeration=

A

horizontal denominator/vertical denominator

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27
Q

mineral

A

inorganic, naturally occurring crystalline combination of one or more elements

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28
Q

euhedral

A

showing flat, regular crystal faces

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29
Q

anhedral

A

showing no flat crystal faces

30
Q

cleavage

A

described by the number of planes and their relative angle (ex. 1-planar, 2 at 90, 3 at 90)

31
Q

Grain shapes

A

metamorphic and igneous rocks have euhedral or anhedral grains. sedimentary rocks are rounded or angular-grained.

32
Q

Felsic Igneous Rocks

A

pale-coloured, high in silica

minerals like quartz and K-feldspar

33
Q

Mafic Igneous Rocks

A

dark colour, rich in ferro-magnesian minerals, Na- and Ca-feldspar

34
Q

examples of Mafic igneous rocks

A

gabbro, basalt

35
Q

examples of Felsic igneous rocks

A

Granite, rhyolite, pumice

36
Q

clastic sedimentary rocks

A

conglomerate, sandstone, shale (mudstone)

37
Q

non-clastic

A

limestone, rock salt, coal

38
Q

examples of intrusive igneous rocks

A

granite, gabbro

39
Q

examples of extrusive igneous rocks

A

rhyolite, basalt

40
Q

metamorphic rocks with fabric

A

slate, schist, gneiss

41
Q

metamorphic rocks without fabric

A

marble, quartzite

42
Q

radiometric age formula

A

t(1/2)=ln2/(decay constant)

43
Q

epicentre

A

the point on earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

44
Q

Thermal (contact) metamorphic rocks

A

mainly temperature bases

occur close to igneous intrusions

45
Q

dynamic metamorphic rocks

A
  • result from intense deformation

- characterized by strong fabric and fine grain size

46
Q

regional metamorphic rocks

A
  • occur in cores of mountains

- high pressures and high temperatures

47
Q

low-grade metamorphism

A

low temperature

fine grained

48
Q

high-grade metamorphism

A

high temperature (and usually high pressure)
coarser grained
thicker banding

49
Q

what type of river is the north Saskatchewan river?

A

meandering channel

50
Q

distributory drainage

A

one channel breaks off into other smaller channels

51
Q

radial drainage

A

channels move out and downward, with the centre usually being a mountain

52
Q

dendritic drainage

A

many small streams collect into one big river

53
Q

braided channel

A

rivers that separate and intertwine several times

54
Q

Accumulation

A

the sum of all terms that add snow to the glacier

55
Q

ablation

A

the sum of terms that remove mass and snow from the glacier

56
Q

advance

A

sustained positive mass balance

57
Q

retreat

A

sustained negative mass balance

58
Q

equilibrium line

A

the altitude that separates the accumulation zone from the ablation zone

59
Q

sun angle

A

90 degrees at the equator, decreases as latitude increases, meaning sunlight is spread over a larger area in higher latitudes

60
Q

energy flux at equator

A

420W/m2

61
Q

movement of winds?

A

west to east from high pressure zones to low pressure zones

62
Q

high pressure

A

clear skies

63
Q

low pressure

A

cloudy skies

64
Q

what are the two primary layers in BIFs?

A

magnetite (magnetic, black)

chert (non-magnetite, red)

65
Q

porphyries

A

igneous rocks that are related to volcanism, so they are generally found along plate boundaries

66
Q

lignite

A

low grade, formed nearer to the surface, lower value

67
Q

bituminous coal

A

medium grade, formed at a moderate depth

68
Q

anthracite

A

high grade, formed at high depths, high value

69
Q

1 metric ton?

A

1000kg

70
Q

viscosity

A

resistance to flow

EAS 100 (2 decks)

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