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Anatomy > Lab Exam 5 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Receptor?

A

Responds to a stimulus.

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2
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

Transports info to the CNS.

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3
Q

What is the integration center and where is it located?

A

It is located in the spinal cord or brainstem; where sensory info is received and transferred to the motor neurons.

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4
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

It transports impulses away from the CNS to effectors.

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5
Q

What is an effector?

A

A muscle or gland cells that respond to the motor neurons.

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6
Q

What is a somatic reflex?

A

they activate skeletal muscle

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7
Q

What is a autonomic (visceral) reflex

A

Activate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands.

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8
Q

What is a Monosynaptic reflex?

A

They involve only two neurons and have a single synapse.

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9
Q

What is a polysnaptic reflex?

A

they involve several synapses and neurons.

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10
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

A special receptor found within fascicles of skeletal muscle.

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11
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a biceps Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

C5 & C6 Contraction of biceps brachii muscle; slight elbow flexion

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12
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a Triceps Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

C7 & C8 contraction of the triceps brachii; slight elbow extension

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13
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a Patellar Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

L2, L3 & L4 contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle group; slight knee extension

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14
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a Ankle Jerk Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

S1 & S2 contraction of the gastrocnemius; slight plantar flextion

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15
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a Babinski Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

S & S2 (and the lesser extent, L4 & L5) in an adult plantarflexion abnormal responds is extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes.

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16
Q

What spinal nerves are tested during a Brachioradialis Reflex and what is a normal response?

A

C5 & C6 Wrist extension, supination, elbow flexion

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17
Q

What is a relfex?

A

automatic, involuntary responses to an internal or external stimulus.

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18
Q

What is the function of muscle spindles?

A

Special receptors that trigger a reflex muscle contraction that prevents over-stretching.

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19
Q

What are the Extrinsic Muscles of the eye?

A

Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, Lateral rectus, Medial rectus, Superior oblique, and Inferior oblique

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20
Q

Which specific branches of the NS control the radial fibers of the iris? Which control the circular fibers? What response results form stimulation of each group of muscle fibers

A

Sympathetic Nervous system–> dilation; parasympathetic Nervous System–>Pupil constriction.

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21
Q

Explain why your nose runs when you cry.

A

The lacrimal gland produces tears that wash across your eye and drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct.

22
Q

What are the intrinsic muscle of the eye?

A

Iris and the ciliary muscle

23
Q

Identify the muscles, its action and what nerve innervates it.

A

A: Superior oblique Depresses eey and turns it lateraly; Trochlear nerve IV

B: Medial rectus Moves eye medially; Oculomotor nerve III

C : Inferior oblique elevates eye and turns it laterally; oculomotor nerve III

D: inferior rectus-depresses eye and turns it medially; oculomotor nerve III

E: Lateral rectus- moves eye lateraly; Abducens nerve VI

F: Superior rectus- elevates eye and turns it laterally; oculomotor nerve III

24
Q
A
25
Q

What is this showing?

A

Vitreous Humor

26
Q

What is this picture showing?

A

The retina attached at the optic disc and the tapetum lucidum (helps the cow is in the dark)

27
Q

What fluid fills the anterior cavity of the eye?

A

aqueous humor

28
Q

What is this?

A
29
Q

If rods are activiate and the cones are inactive, which fibers of the iris muscle are contracting?

Which specific branch of the NS causes this response?

A

Radial fibers; sympathetic

30
Q

What do you call the opening of the iris?

A

Pupil

31
Q

Why does the vasuclar tunic of the eye contain so much black pigment?

A

B/C it absorbs light and prevents the relfecting and scattering w/ in the eye.

32
Q

What is emmetropia?

A

word used to describe the refraction of light in the normal eye.

33
Q

What is Myopia?

A

Nearsightedness. Light focuses in front of the retina. need concaved lens to correct; light rays diverge to extend focal point.

34
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Farsightedness; Light focus behind the retina; need convex lens which causes the light to converge.

shortening the focal point.

35
Q

What is the Snellen Chart?

A

it is a chart used to test visual acuity.

36
Q

what is presbyopia

A

farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age.

37
Q

List in order the structures of the eye through which light passes before it strikes the optic sensory neurons.

A

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, viterous humor, retina

38
Q

On a bright day which type of optic sensory neuron will be stimulated?

A

Cones

39
Q

What are the layers of the posterior eye?

from superficial to deep

A

sclera, choroid, & retina

40
Q

How is the retina attached to the eye?

what types of cells form the retina?

A

it is held in place by pressure form the vitreous humor, it is only attached at the optic disc. Rods and Cones

41
Q

What causes the lens to change shape?

A

The ciliary body

42
Q

What muscles allow a person to look at an aobject to the right without moving the head or body?

A

Lateral rectus and medial rectus muslces.

43
Q

What forms the ciliary body? what do they do?

A

The ciliary muscles which control the shape of the len and the Ciliary process which produces aqueous humor that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

44
Q

Where are the auditory sensory receptors located?

A

Cochlea

45
Q

Where are the balance sensory receptors located?

A

Semicircle canals

46
Q

What changes vibrating air movement to vibrating bone movment?

A

Air vibrations move the typanic membrane which vibrate the aucoustic ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

47
Q

Give the collective name for the tiny ear bones. Where are they located? List their names in order from external to internal.

A

Auditory ossicles; Middle ear, Malleus, incus, & stapes

48
Q

Where in the skull are the middle and inner ear structures located in the temporal bone.

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

49
Q

What nerve transmits auditory and balance information form the ear to the brain?

A

Vestibulochlear nerve VIII

50
Q

What feature on the vestibule does the stapes contract?

A

oval window

Anatomy (2 decks)

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