Lab Exam 5

Question 1

What is a Receptor?

Answer 1

Responds to a stimulus.

Question 2

What is a sensory neuron?

Answer 2

Transports info to the CNS.

Question 3

What is the integration center and where is it located?

Answer 3

It is located in the spinal cord or brainstem; where sensory info is received and transferred to the motor neurons.

Question 4

What is a motor neuron?

Answer 4

It transports impulses away from the CNS to effectors.

Question 5

What is an effector?

Answer 5

A muscle or gland cells that respond to the motor neurons.

Question 6

What is a somatic reflex?

Answer 6

they activate skeletal muscle

Question 7

What is a autonomic (visceral) reflex

Answer 7

Activate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands.

Question 8

What is a Monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 8

They involve only two neurons and have a single synapse.

Question 9

What is a polysnaptic reflex?

Answer 9

they involve several synapses and neurons.

Question 10

What is a muscle spindle?

Answer 10

A special receptor found within fascicles of skeletal muscle.

Question 11

What spinal nerves are tested during a biceps Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 11

C5 & C6 Contraction of biceps brachii muscle; slight elbow flexion

Question 12

What spinal nerves are tested during a Triceps Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 12

C7 & C8 contraction of the triceps brachii; slight elbow extension

Question 13

What spinal nerves are tested during a Patellar Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 13

L2, L3 & L4 contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle group; slight knee extension

Question 14

What spinal nerves are tested during a Ankle Jerk Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 14

S1 & S2 contraction of the gastrocnemius; slight plantar flextion

Question 15

What spinal nerves are tested during a Babinski Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 15

S & S2 (and the lesser extent, L4 & L5) in an adult plantarflexion abnormal responds is extension of the great toe and abduction of the other toes.

Question 16

What spinal nerves are tested during a Brachioradialis Reflex and what is a normal response?

Answer 16

C5 & C6 Wrist extension, supination, elbow flexion

Question 17

What is a relfex?

Answer 17

automatic, involuntary responses to an internal or external stimulus.

Question 18

What is the function of muscle spindles?

Answer 18

Special receptors that trigger a reflex muscle contraction that prevents over-stretching.

Question 19

What are the Extrinsic Muscles of the eye?

Answer 19

Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, Lateral rectus, Medial rectus, Superior oblique, and Inferior oblique

Question 20

Which specific branches of the NS control the radial fibers of the iris? Which control the circular fibers? What response results form stimulation of each group of muscle fibers

Answer 20

Sympathetic Nervous system–> dilation; parasympathetic Nervous System–>Pupil constriction.

Question 21

Explain why your nose runs when you cry.

Answer 21

The lacrimal gland produces tears that wash across your eye and drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct.

Question 22

What are the intrinsic muscle of the eye?

Answer 22

Iris and the ciliary muscle

Question 23

Identify the muscles, its action and what nerve innervates it.

Answer 23

A: Superior oblique Depresses eey and turns it lateraly; Trochlear nerve IV

B: Medial rectus Moves eye medially; Oculomotor nerve III

C : Inferior oblique elevates eye and turns it laterally; oculomotor nerve III

D: inferior rectus-depresses eye and turns it medially; oculomotor nerve III

E: Lateral rectus- moves eye lateraly; Abducens nerve VI

F: Superior rectus- elevates eye and turns it laterally; oculomotor nerve III

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

What is this showing?

Answer 25

Vitreous Humor

Question 26

What is this picture showing?

Answer 26

The retina attached at the optic disc and the tapetum lucidum (helps the cow is in the dark)

Question 27

What fluid fills the anterior cavity of the eye?

Answer 27

aqueous humor

Question 28

What is this?

Answer 28

Question 29

If rods are activiate and the cones are inactive, which fibers of the iris muscle are contracting? Which specific branch of the NS causes this response?

Answer 29

Radial fibers; sympathetic

Question 30

What do you call the opening of the iris?

Answer 30

Pupil

Question 31

Why does the vasuclar tunic of the eye contain so much black pigment?

Answer 31

B/C it absorbs light and prevents the relfecting and scattering w/ in the eye.

Question 32

What is emmetropia?

Answer 32

word used to describe the refraction of light in the normal eye.

Question 33

What is Myopia?

Answer 33

Nearsightedness. Light focuses in front of the retina. need concaved lens to correct; light rays diverge to extend focal point.

Question 34

What is hyperopia?

Answer 34

Farsightedness; Light focus behind the retina; need convex lens which causes the light to converge. shortening the focal point.

Question 35

What is the Snellen Chart?

Answer 35

it is a chart used to test visual acuity.

Question 36

what is presbyopia

Answer 36

farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age.

Question 37

List in order the structures of the eye through which light passes before it strikes the optic sensory neurons.

Answer 37

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, viterous humor, retina

Question 38

On a bright day which type of optic sensory neuron will be stimulated?

Answer 38

Cones

Question 39

What are the layers of the posterior eye? from superficial to deep

Answer 39

sclera, choroid, & retina

Question 40

How is the retina attached to the eye? what types of cells form the retina?

Answer 40

it is held in place by pressure form the vitreous humor, it is only attached at the optic disc. Rods and Cones

Question 41

What causes the lens to change shape?

Answer 41

The ciliary body

Question 42

What muscles allow a person to look at an aobject to the right without moving the head or body?

Answer 42

Lateral rectus and medial rectus muslces.

Question 43

What forms the ciliary body? what do they do?

Answer 43

The ciliary muscles which control the shape of the len and the Ciliary process which produces aqueous humor that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

Question 44

Where are the auditory sensory receptors located?

Answer 44

Cochlea

Question 45

Where are the balance sensory receptors located?

Answer 45

Semicircle canals

Question 46

What changes vibrating air movement to vibrating bone movment?

Answer 46

Air vibrations move the typanic membrane which vibrate the aucoustic ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 47

Give the collective name for the tiny ear bones. Where are they located? List their names in order from external to internal.

Answer 47

Auditory ossicles; Middle ear, Malleus, incus, & stapes

Question 48

Where in the skull are the middle and inner ear structures located in the temporal bone.

Answer 48

petrous portion of the temporal bone

Question 49

What nerve transmits auditory and balance information form the ear to the brain?

Answer 49

Vestibulochlear nerve VIII

Question 50

What feature on the vestibule does the stapes contract?

Answer 50

oval window