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Lab Values > Lab (Exam 3-concepts) > Flashcards

Lab (Exam 3-concepts) Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Sodium (Na) , Important for: ___

A

135-145, For fluid balance

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2
Q

Sodium, Hyper: Causes

A

volume depletion, dehydration, inability to replace insensible losses, renal and GI loss

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3
Q

Sodium, Hyper: Symptoms

A

Thirst, restlessness, irritability, lethargy, muscle twitching, seizures, hyperflexia, coma and death

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4
Q

Sodium, Hypo: Causes

A

volume overload, CHF, diarrhea, sweating, thiazides

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5
Q

Sodium, Hypo: Symptoms

A

Agitation, anorexia, apathy, disorientation, lethargy, muscle cramps, nausea

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6
Q

Normal Potassium (K)

A

3.5-5.0

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7
Q

Potassium, Hyper, Causes

A

Renal failure, trauma “crush” injuries, K sparing diuretics.

May cause life threatening cardiac arrhythmias

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8
Q

Potassium, Hypo, Causes

A

Severe vomiting or diarrhea, diuretics, K supplements

Potential Dig toxicity

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9
Q

Normal Chloride (Cl), Important for: ___

A

95-105, for fluid balance

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10
Q

Chloride, Hyper, Causes

A

Metabolic or respiratory acidosis

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11
Q

Chloride, Hypo, Causes

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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12
Q

Normal Bicarbonate (HCO3 or CO2),

A

25-30

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13
Q

Bicarbonate, Hyper. Increase:___ and causes:

A

Increased: alkalosis.

Vomiting, gastric suctioning

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14
Q

Bicarbonate, Hypo. Decrease:___ and causes:

A

Decreased: acidosis.

Chronic diarrhea, loop diuretics, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis

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15
Q

Normal Glucose

A

70-110

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16
Q

Glucose, Hyper, Causes

A

Diabetes

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17
Q

Glucose, Hyper, S/SX

A

increase thirst, increased urination, increased hunger (3Ps).
May progress to coma

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18
Q

Glucose, Hypo, Causes

A

Fasting, insulin administration

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19
Q

Glucose, Hypo, S/SX

A

sweating, hunger, anxiety, trembling, blurred vision, weakness, headache or altered mental status

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20
Q

Normal A1C

A

4.5%-6%

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21
Q

Prediabetes, A1C

A

5.7%-6.4%

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22
Q

Diabetes, A1C

Goal for diabetic pt is A1C…

A

6.5% and above.

less than 7%

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23
Q 
Normal BUN (Blood urea nitrogen),
Important for:\_\_\_
A

5-20. For kidney function and fluid balance

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24
Q

BUN, Hyper, Cause

A

GI bleed

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25
Q

IF: increase in BUN and Cr

A

Kidney dysfunction

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26
Q

IF: increase in BUN, but a normal Cr

A

dehydration

27
Q

IF: increase in BUN

A

High protein load or digestion of blood (Don’t get this one)

28
Q

IF decrease in BUN, but a normal Cr

A

overhydration

29
Q

Normal Serum Creatinine (SCr),

Important For:___

A

0.6-1.2, For: Kidney function and fluid balance

30
Q

Normal Total Protein:

A

5.5-9.0

31
Q

Normal Albumin

A

3.5-5.0

32
Q

Normal Prealbumin

A

20-40

33
Q

Low Total Protein, Caused by

A

liver dysfunction or malnutrition.

34
Q

Low Albumin, caused by

A

Inadequate protein intake for 14-21 days

35
Q

Low Prealbumin, caused by

A

Inadequate protein intake for 2 days

36
Q

Low Total Protein, S/SX

A

peripheral edema, ascites, periorbital edema and pulmonary edema.
Can cause poor wound healing

37
Q

Normal Serum Calcium (Ca) *nonionized

A

9-10.5

38
Q

Normal Serum Calcium *Ionized

A

4.5-5.5

39
Q

Calcium, Hyper, causes

A

Vitamin D overdose, prolonged immobilization

40
Q

Calcium, hypo, causes

A

Laxative abuse, low serum proteins

41
Q

Normal Phosphate (PO4)

A

2.5-4.5

42
Q

Phos moves in what direction of ___ &____

A

opposite direction of Ca and Mg

43
Q

____&____ move together

A

Calcium and Magnesium

44
Q

Normal Magnesium (Mg)

A

1.5-2.5

45
Q

Magnesium, Hyper, caused by

A

Increased intake in the presence of renal dysfunction

46
Q

Magnesium, Hypo, caused by

A

Excessive losses from GI tract ( diarrhea or vomiting) or Kidneys (diuretics)

47
Q

Magnesium is primarily eliminated by ___

can cause_____

A

kidney, cardiac irregularity

48
Q

Aminotransferases (ALT-SGPT, AST-SGOT), is for?

A

Liver function

49
Q

IF aminotransferases are HIGH:

A

Liver disease

50
Q

AST and ALT are measure indicators of

A

Liver disease. They are sensitive to hepatic inflammation and necrosis

51
Q

Normal WBC

A

5,000-10,000

52
Q

High WBC, increased with:

A

Leukocytosis > 10,000.

Increased with infection, blood cancers

53
Q

Low WBC, decreased with

A

Leukopenia <4,000

Decreased with chemo, antibiotics, bone marrow dysfunction, autoimmune diseases

54
Q

Normal RBC

A

3.6-5.4

55
Q

High RBC

A

dehydration

56
Q

Low RBC

A

blood loss

57
Q

Normal Hemoglobin Male & Female

and its a direct measure of ___

A

Male: 14-18
Female:12-16
Direct measure of oxygen carrying capacity of blood

58
Q

High Hemoglobin

A

Compensatory for chronic low O2

59
Q

Low Hemoglobin

A

Bone marrow suppression, malnutrition, bleeding, age, renal failure

60
Q

Normal Hematocrit Male & Female

and should be __ x Hgb

A

Male: 37-47
Female: 32-42
should be 3x the Hgb

61
Q

High Hematocrit

A

can be falsely elevated with dehydration

62
Q

Low Hematocrit

A

Can be caused by hemorrhage, or excessive IV fluid administration can decrease Hct (dilutional)

63
Q

Normal Platelet

Promotes ____

A

150,000-400,000

promotes coagulation

64
Q

Low Platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia. Can be seen in bone marrow dysfunction and liver disease, monitor patient for bleeding, sepsis

Lab Values (1 decks)

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