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Bio 103 Lab > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge through research.

A

scientific method

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2
Q

The scientific method can be divided into five steps:

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Predictions and Experiments
  4. Data Collection with Statistical Analysis
  5. Conclusion
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3
Q

Scientists use their senses to gather information about a phenomenon or natural event. What step of the scientific method is this?

A

Observation

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4
Q

natural event

A

phenomenon

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5
Q

a tentative explanation for what was observed

A

hypothesis

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6
Q

A hypothesis is developed through (blank)

A

inductive reasoning

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7
Q

A hypothesis must be (blank)

A

testable

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8
Q

a series of procedures designed to test a hypothesis.

A

experiment

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9
Q

An experiment uses (blank) to make a (blank) or expected outcome

A

deductive reasoning; prediction

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10
Q

The manner in which a scientist conducts an experiment is called the

A

experimental design.

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11
Q

A good experimental design ensures that the scientist is examining the contribution of a specific factor called the (blank) to the observation.

A

experimental (independent) variable

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12
Q

The (blank) is the factor being tested.

A

experimental (independent) variable

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13
Q

A (blank) is exposed to the experimental variable.

A

test group

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14
Q

A (blank) goes through all aspects of the experiment but is not exposed to the experimental variable.

A

control group

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15
Q

If the control and test groups show the same results, the hypothesis

A

is not supported

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16
Q

The (blank) are the results of an experiment.

A

data

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17
Q

Data should be (blank) and (blank)

A

observable and objective

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18
Q

(blank) and (blank) are two possible formats for the data.

A

Tables and graphs

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19
Q

Data are analyzed using

A

statistics

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20
Q

a standard error in measures of variation is

A

how far off the average data is

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21
Q

Statistical significance is the

A

probability value

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22
Q

probability value must be less than

A

5%

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23
Q

The lower the p value

A

the greater the confidence in the results

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24
Q

p value is not due to (blank) alone

A

chance

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25
Q

The data are interpreted to determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not. What step of the scientific method is this?

A

conclusion

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26
Q

If prediction happens, hypothesis is

A

supported

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27
Q

Findings are reported in (blank)
Peers (blank) the findings.
Other scientists then attempt to (blank or blank) the published findings.

A

scientific journals
review
duplicate or dismiss

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28
Q

Historians credit the invention of the compound microscope to the Dutch spectacle maker (blank)

A

Zacharias Janssen

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29
Q

The compound microscope uses (blank) and (blank) to enlarge the image

A

lenses and light

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30
Q

compound microscope is also called an (blank) or (blank) microscope

A

optical or light

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31
Q

the simplest optical microscope is the (blank)

A

magnifying glass

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32
Q

a magnifying glass is good to about what magnification?

A

10X

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33
Q

The compound microscope has two systems of lenses for greater magnification. What are they?

A

Ocular, eyepiece and objective

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34
Q

The (blank) lens is the one that you look into

A

ocular, eyepiece

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35
Q

The (blank) lens is the one closest to the object

A

objective

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36
Q

the lens at the top that you look through, usually 10X or 15X power

A

eyepiece lens

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37
Q

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

A

tube

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38
Q

supports the tube and connects it to the base. It is used to along with the base to carry the microscope

A

arm

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39
Q

the bottom of the microscope, used for support

A

base

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40
Q

a steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror

A

illuminator

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41
Q

The flat platform where you place your sides.

A

stage

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42
Q

holds the slides in place

A

stage clips

43
Q

This is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power

A

revolving nosepiece or turret

44
Q

usually you will find 3 or 4 of these on a microscope. They almost always consist of 4X, 10X, 40X, and 100X powers

A

objective lenses

45
Q

When coupled with a 10X eyepiece lens, we get total magnifications of

A

40X, 100X, 400X, and 1000X

46
Q

The shortest lens is the (blank) power and the longest lens is the (blank) power

A

lowest, greatest

47
Q

The high power lenses are (blank) this means?

A

retractable. if they hit a slide, the end of the lens will push in (spring loaded) thereby protecting the lens and the slide

48
Q

this is an adjustment that determines how close the objective lens can get to the slide. It is set at the factory and keeps students from cranking the high power objective lens down into the slide and breaking things

A

rack stop

49
Q

many microscopes have a (blank) under the stage

A

rotating disk

50
Q

The (blank) has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. There is no set rule regarding which setting is used for a particular power. Rather, the setting is a function of the transparency of the specimen, the degree of contrast you desire and the particular objective lens in use

A

diaphragm or iris

51
Q

this is used to focus the microscope. it is always used first, and it is used ONLY WITH THE LOW POWER OBJECTIVE

A

coarse adjustment

52
Q

the coarse adjustment is used only with what?

A

the low power objective

53
Q

Explain an important thing to remember as you turn the high power objective into place.

A

it is retractable, when you hit a slide, the end of the lens will push in (spring loaded) thereby protecting the slide and the lens.

54
Q

What should you always remember when you use the coarse adjustment?

A

it is always used first and only use it with the low power objective

55
Q

Under what conditions would you adjust the diaphragm?

A

Diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and sized of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. Depends on transparency of the specimen and the degree of contrast you desire

56
Q

What should you always remember when handling microscope slides?

A

As slide it at the end AND never view it without the coverslip

57
Q

What is the purpose of the stage clips?

A

hold the slide in place

58
Q

In term of your eyes, what should you try to learn as you use the microscope?

A

Always keep your both eyes open (it takes some practice) but for those who wear glasses never let your glasses hit the eyepiece lens and never view a slide without a coverslip.

59
Q

What are the two parts used to carry the microscope?

A

base and arm

60
Q

What is the purpose of the cover slips?

A

to protect the objective lens from the liquids

61
Q

What is the objective lens used to locate the specimen and first focus?

A

the course adjustment is the first to use and only with the low power objective.

62
Q

What are the chemicals called that are sometimes used to make the specimen visible?

A

Stain (Methylene Blue)

63
Q

What should you do if the high power objective lens touches or breaks the coverslip?

A

Tell your teacher/instructor/professor

64
Q

provides rigid structure and protection; made of cellulose

A

cell wall

65
Q

surrounds the internal cell parts; controls passage of materials in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

66
Q

everything inside of the cell membrane except for the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

67
Q

control center of the cell; contains DNA

A

nucleus

68
Q

composed of protein and RNA; involved in ribosome production

A

nucleolus

69
Q

provides strength and shape to the cell; network of protein fibers

A

cytoskeleton

70
Q

passageways that transport proteins within the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

71
Q

produces energy

A

mitochondria

72
Q

uses the energy of sunlight to produce glucose during photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

73
Q

vesicle that provides storage of water and other materials; full these provide support

A

vacuole

74
Q

vesicle that contains substances that break down materials

A

lysosome

75
Q

packages and transports proteins from the ER to other parts of the cell

A

Golgi body

76
Q

where proteins are made in the cell

A

ribosomes

77
Q

What units measure length?

A

millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer

78
Q

What units measure area?

A

square centimeter, square meter, hectare, square kilometer,

79
Q

what units measure volume?

A

milliliter, liter, cubic centimeter, cubic meter

80
Q

what units measure mass?

A

milligram, gram, kilogram, metric ton

81
Q

What units measure energy?

A

centigrade, calorie

kilojoule, megajoule, kilowatt hour

82
Q

What unit measures time?

A

second

83
Q

What measures speed, velocity?

A

meter per second, kilometer per hour

84
Q

what measures density?

A

kilogram per cubic meter

85
Q

What measures force?

A

newton

86
Q

What measure pressure, stress?

A

kilopascal

87
Q

What measures power?

A

watt, kilowatt

88
Q

What measures electric current?

A

ampere

89
Q

Name SI prefixes from largest to smallest

A 
yotta
zetta
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deca, deka
BASE UNIT (1)
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
zepto
yocto
90
Q

How to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

(1.8 x Celsius) + 32 = Fahrenheit

91
Q

How to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

0.56 x (Fahrenheit - 32) = Celsius

92
Q

How to convert from Celsius to Kelvin

A

C + 273

93
Q

How to convert from Kelvin to Celsius

A

K - 273

94
Q

How to convert from Fahrenheit to Kelvin

A

(F - 32) x 0.56 + 273.15

95
Q

How to convert from Kelvin to Fahrenheit

A

(K - 273.15) x 1.8 + 32

96
Q

Scientists believe nature is (blank) and (blank), and that (blank) (e.g., gravity) do not change
with time.

A

orderly and measurable; natural laws

97
Q

allows a person to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole.

A

inductive reasoning

98
Q

involves “if, then” logic

A

deductive reasoning

99
Q

Results are based on examination of the (blank) obtained from use of the model.

A

responding variable (dependent variable)

100
Q

Results usually include a (blank), which is a statistical analysis that is a measure of how much the data in the experiment varies.

A

standard deviation

101
Q

means the experimental results were not due to chance or some factor other than the experimental (independent) variable.

A

statistical significance

102
Q

Many studies rely on (blank) which, among other things, determines the probability of error
in the experiment.

A

statistical data

103
Q

The experiments and observations must be (blank) or the research is suspect.

A

repeatable

Bio 103 Lab (2 decks)

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