Lab Exam #2

Question 0

Define autosomal

Answer 0

The gene is question is not “sex-linked”

Question 1

Define segregation

Answer 1

Is when each member of a pair of alleles ends up in a separate gamete.

Question 2

Define Locus

Answer 2

The spot in which a gene is located on its chromosome.

Question 3

Define homologous pairs

Answer 3

The pairs of chomosomes

Question 4

Define allele

Answer 4

Different versions of the same gene

Question 5

Define genome

Answer 5

The full body of information - all the genes on all the chromosomes

Question 6

Define N

Answer 6

The number of different kinds of chromosomes.

In normal diploid organisms, N is equal to the number of pairs.

Question 7

Define 2N

Answer 7

The total number of chromosomes in a normal diploid organism.

Question 8

Define diploid

Answer 8

In a diploid organism, the chromosomes come in pairs. Numerically the diploid number is 2N. This is the number of chromosomes found on all normal cell nuclei, except in gametes.

Question 9

Define haploid

Answer 9

Half of the diploid number. In practice, this means one member of each pair. Numerically, the haploid number is N. This number is normally found in gametes.

Question 10

Define gene

Answer 10

Is one particular section of a chromosome.

Question 11

Define chromosome

Answer 11

A long DNA molecule which includes numerous genes lines up along it, often with “spacer” regions between the genes.

Question 12

Define zygote

Answer 12

A diploid (2N) fertilized egg.

Question 13

Define gametes

Answer 13

The products of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms.

Question 14

Define dominant

Answer 14

Alleles are expressed when heterozygous or homozygous.

Question 15

Define recessive

Answer 15

Alleles are not expressed when heterozygous.

Question 16

Define codominant

Answer 16

Codominance applies at the molecular level. Both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous individual.

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

A heterozygous individual shows a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes caused by either one of the two separate alleles.

Question 18

Define mono hybrid

Answer 18

Involves a single pair of genes.

Question 19

Define homozygous

Answer 19

When two members of a pair of genes happen to be identical.

Question 20

Define heterozygous

Answer 20

To members of a pair of genes that happen to be different.