Lab Exam 2

Question 1

Answer 1

Subphyum: Craniata

Order: Myxiniformes

Hagfish

1. Terminal mouth surrounded by barbles
2. no dorsal fins
3. no paired fins
4. diphycercal tail
5. vestigial eyes
6. mucus glands

Question 2

Answer 2

Vertebrata (new usage)

Order: Petromyzontiformes

lamprey

1. large, ventral, toothed funnel around mouth without barbels
2. one or two dorsal fins

Question 3

Answer 3

Class: Osteostraci

extinct

1. Dorso-ventrally flattend
2. head and anterior body covered by bony shield
3. ventral mouth
4. heterocrercal tail

Question 4

Answer 4

Class: Anaspida

extinct

1. covered by small bony plates
2. terminal mouth
3. hypocercal tail

Question 5

Answer 5

Class: Heterostraci

extinct

1. Bony shiled covering head and anterior body
2. hypocercal tail

Question 6

Answer 6

Superclass : Gnathostomata

Class: Placodermi

Order: Antiarchi

extinct

1. Small ventral mouth
2. very large pectoral fins
3. heavily armored anteriorly

Question 7

Answer 7

Superclass : Gnathostomata

Class: Placodermi

Order: Arthodira

extinct

1. large terminal mouth
2. small pectoral fins
3. heavily armored anteriorly

Question 8

Answer 8

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Cladoselachiformes

1. Broad based immovable pectoral fins
2. no claspers
3. superficially homocercal tail

Question 9

Answer 9

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Holocephali (fleshy operculum covering gills)

Order Chimaeriformes

Chimaeras

1. large head
2. large eyes
3. elongate tail
4. large spine anterior to first dorsal fin
5. Cephalic “clasper”in males
6. Claspers on Pelvics

Question 10

Answer 10

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Order Xenacanthiformes

extinct

1. elongate paired fins
2. diphycercal tail

Question 11

Answer 11

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeoomorpha

Order Heterodontiformes

Horn Sharks

1. Dorsal fins with heavy spines
2. anterior teeth pointed
3. posterior teeth flattened
4. fin spines

Question 12

Answer 12

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeoomorpha

Order Carcharhiniformes

Requiem Sharks

1. Dorsal fins spineless
2. nicticting membrane below eye
3. side teeth usually largest and seperated from front teeth by short gap

Question 13

Answer 13

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Superorder Squalomorphi

Order Squaliformes

1. spines anterior to dorsal fins
2. body notdorso-ventrally flatterned

Question 14

Answer 14

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeomorpha

Order Lamniformes

White Shark, Mako Shark

1. dorsal fins spineless
2. front teeth largest and separated from side teeth by toothless gap or series of smaller teeth

Question 15

Answer 15

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorhpha

Superorder Squatinomorphi

Order Squatiniformes

1. pectoral fins enlarged
2. head and body dorso-ventrally flattened
3. gill slits opening laterally

Question 16

Answer 16

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Rhinobatiformes

Guitar fish

1. tail relativly thick
2. two dorsal fins
3. caudal fin well developed
4. spines on back and tail
5. no sting

Question 17

Answer 17

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Rajiformes

Skates

1. Tail very thin
2. two small dorsal fins
3. caudal fin reduced or absent
4. spines present or absent
5. no sting

Question 18

Answer 18

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Myliobatiformes

Rays

1. Tails usually very thin
2. no caudal or dorsal fin (if caudal fin is present then tail relatively thick and dorsal fin)
3. no spines
4. elongate sting (midway down dorsum of tail present)

Question 19

Answer 19

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elastombranchii

Order Torpediniformes

electric rays

1. tail relativly thick
2. caudal fin well developed
3. two dorsal fins
4. no spines or sting

Question 20

Answer 20

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Acanthodii

extinct

Spiny Sharks

1. Not armored
2. small ganoid scales
3. series of spiny projections along side

Question 21

Answer 21

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Coelacanthini

1. all fins lobed except first dorsal
2. unique three lobed tail

Question 22

Answer 22

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Dipnoi

Order Lepidosireniformes

lung fish

1. paired fins filamentous
2. diphycercal tail

Question 23

Answer 23

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Dipnoi

Order Osteiolepiformes

extinct

1. heterocercal tail
2. two dorsal fins
3. paddle like paired fins (fleshy badal lobes)
4. true internal nares

Question 24

Answer 24

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Polypteriformes

Bichirs

1. Heavy ganoid scales
2. numerous dorsal finlets
3. diphycercal tail
4. lobe at bases of paired fins

Question 25

Answer 25

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Acipenseriformes Surgeons and paddle fish 1. plankton feeders 2. few large ganoid scales or scaleless 3. heterocercal tail 4. broad and flattened snout

Question 26

Answer 26

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Lepisosteiformes gars 1. long thoothed snout 2. weakly heterocercal tail 3. ganoid scales

Question 27

Answer 27

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Amiiformes bowfins 1. blunt snout 2. weakly heterocercal tail 3. cycloid scales 4. single elongate dorsal fin extending to caudal fin

Question 28

Answer 28

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Osteoglossiformes Bony Tounged fishes 1. main biteis b/w bony tongue and roof of mouth 2. maxilla included in gape 3. swim bladder open to pharynx 4. pelvics, adominal 5. no spiny rays

Question 29

Answer 29

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Elopiformes Tarpons 1. elongate mouth with numerous teeth 2. deeply forked tail 3. abdonimal pelvics 4. no spiny rays

Question 30

Answer 30

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Anguilliformes 1. elongate body 2. dorsal and anal fins elongate and continuous 3. small caudal fin 4. no pelvics, spiny rays 5. pectorallateral or absent

Question 31

Answer 31

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Clupeiformes 1. silvery and shiny 2. deep body laterally compressed 3. abdominal pelvics 4. no spiney rays 5. deeply forked tail 6. maxilla included in gape 7. unique ear-gas bladder connection 8. neurocranium 9. caudal fin skeleton

Question 32

Answer 32

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Cypriniformes Minnows 1. enlarged 2. sickle-shaped 3. toothed 4. lower pharyngeal bones (hyals) bite against posterior extension of the basiooccipital 5. jaws toothless 6. short barbers around mouth 7. dorsal fin present

Question 33

Answer 33

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Characiformes Characins 1. opposing pharyngeal teeth 2. teeth on jaws 3. adipose fin 4. dorsal fin present

Question 34

Answer 34

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Siluriformes Catfishes 1. no true scales 2. spinous rays 3. anterior to dorsal and pectoral fins 4. long fleshy barbels around mouth 5. adipose fin

Question 35

Answer 35

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Gymnotiformes Knife fishes 1. no dorsal fin 2. no adiposefin 3. caudal and pelvic fins usually absent 4. anus far forward 5. anal fin usually elongate 6. electrogenic

Question 36

Answer 36

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Osmeriformes Smelts 1. maxilla included in gape 2. adipose fin present or absent 3. dorsal fin originates opposite to or posterior to pelvics

Question 37

Answer 37

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Salmoniformes Salmon or trout 1. pectoral fins usually ventral 2. adipose fin 3. dorsal fin orginates anterior to pelvics 4. caudal fin large without much posterior emargination 5. maxilla included in gape

Question 38

Answer 38

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Myctophiformes Latern fish 1. maxilla excluded form gape 2. swim bladder absent 3. photophores 4. pectoral fins lateral 5. adipose fin 6. nocturnal

Question 39

Answer 39

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Lampriformes 1. soft rayed 2. laterally compressed

Question 40

Answer 40

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Batrachoidiformes midshipmen 1. pelvic fins jugular 2. short spinous dorsal fin procedes long soft dorsal fin 3. broad head 4. wide mouth 5. scaleless with lare lateral line pits

Question 41

Answer 41

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Lophiiformes Anglers 1. spinous anterior dorsal fin modified into a lure (illicium) 2. gill opening reduced to small elongate, tube-like opening adjacent to pectoral fin 3. pelvic fins jugular or absent

Question 42

Answer 42

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Gadiformes Cods 1. no spines in fins 2. pelvics thoracic, jugular, or absent 3. dorsal and anal fin elongate or subdivived into 2+fins 4. posterior dorsal and posterior anal unite with small caudal to form single large "caudal" fin

Question 43

Answer 43

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Ophidiiformes 1. few or no spines in fin 2. pelvics jugulars mental or absent 3. dorsal and anal fin elongate fused with small caudal

Question 44

Answer 44

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Mugiliformes Mullets 1. elongate with abdominal pelvics 2. two widely separated dorsal fins

Question 45

Answer 45

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Atheriniformes Silversides 1. two dorsal fins with soft spines 2. no beak

Question 46

Answer 46

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Cyprinodontiformes Killifishes 1. one dorsal fin with soft rays 2. no beak

Question 47

Answer 47

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Beloniformes needle fishes 1. flying fishes 2. one dorsal fin with soft rays 3. elongate beak that opens widely

Question 48

Answer 48

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Gasterosteiformes Sticklebacks 1. 2+ free spines anterior to dorsal fin 2. pelvic fins pecular spikes 3. bony plates on side of body

Question 49

Answer 49

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Syngathiformes pipefish 1. tubular snount with small gape 2. body encased in bony plates 3. no pelvic fins 4. males incubate eggs in brood pouch

Question 50

Answer 50

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Scorpaeniformes rockfish and sculpins 1. bottom dwelling fishes 2. bony "suborbitial stay" extending under skin from ventral to eye posteriorly to operculm 3. freq with spines on various parts of body

Question 51

Answer 51

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Order Pleuronectiformes flatfishes 1. adults lie on one side or the other with both eyes on the up side 2. juvenile resembles ordinarly perciformes but metamorphoses into adult lying on bottom

Question 52

Answer 52

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Tetraodontiformes triggerfish and puffers 1. small gill openings 2. small mouth with strong teeth 3. scales modified into plates or spines 4. pelvic fins usually absent

Question 53

Answer 53

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Serranidae Seabasses 1. 3+spiny rays in anal fin 2. 2-3 short spines on operculum 3. maxilla exposed when mouth closed 4. caudal fin flexible and only slightly indented posteriorly

Question 54

Answer 54

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Centrarchidae Sunfishes 1. 3+spiny rays in anal fin 2. maxilla exposed when mouth closed 3. caudal fin flexable and only slightly indented posteriorly

Question 55

Answer 55

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Percidae Perches 1. 1-2 spiny rays in anal fin 2. maxilla exposed when mouth closed 3. caudal fin flexable and only slightly indented posteriorly 4.2-3 short spines on operculum

Question 56

Answer 56

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Echeneididae Remoras 1. spiny rays of dorsal fin modified to form sucking disk

Question 57

Answer 57

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Carangidae Jacks 1. cresent shaped 2. stiff caudal fin 3. two anterior rectangle anal fin spines isolated form anal fin 4. no more thatn two finlet posterior to dorsal and anal fin 5. no keels on caudal peduncle (narrow)

Question 58

Answer 58

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Sciaenidae Croakers 1. lateral line extends to middle of caudal fin 2. dorsal fin elongate with notch b/w spiny and soft rays 3. 1-2 anal fin spines

Question 59

Answer 59

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Embiotocidae Surf Perches 1. sheath of scales over base of dorsal fin and dorsal deep furrow 2. elongate pectoral fin

Question 60

Answer 60

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Pomacentridae Damsel fishes 1. lateral line terminates at posteriorend of dorsal fin 2. dorsal andanal fins with elongate posterior lobes 3. 1-2 anal fin spines

Question 61

Answer 61

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Labridae Wrasses 1. protruding teeth in both jaws 2. jaws protrude even when mouth closed

Question 62

Answer 62

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Stichaeidae Prickle backs 1. elongate with relativly long anal and dorsal fins 2. mostly/ entirely spiny 3. tail longer than head and body 4. small, seperate caudal fin

Question 63

Answer 63

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Uranoscopidae Star gazers 1. eyes on top of head 2. laterally flattened 3. electrogenic

Question 64

Answer 64

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Clinidae Kelpfishes 1. moderately elongated fishes with spiny rayed part of dorsal fin longer than soft rayed part

Question 65

Answer 65

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Gobiesocidae Clingfishes 1. pelvic fins jugular and modified to form a sucking disk 2. no spine in the fins 3. no scales

Question 66

Answer 66

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Gobiidae Gobies 1. pelvic fins united to form a sucking disk 2. no spine in the fins 3. no scales 4. two dorsal fins

Question 67

Answer 67

Superclass Gnathostomata Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Order Perciformes Family Sphyraenidae Barracudas 1. very elongate jaws with lower more than upper 2. large teeth 3. 2 widely seperated dorsal fins

Question 68

Answer 68

Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii (pelvics thoracic or absent, lateral pectoral fins, spines in dorsal) Percomorpha (pelvics attached to pectoral girdle) Order Perciformes Family Scombridae Tunas and Mackerels 1. 1-3 lateral keelson caudal peduncle 2. dorsal and anal fin followed by 5+ small finlets 3. caudal fin very stiff and often deeply indented

Question 69

Answer 69

Class Osteichthyes Subclass Actinopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii (pelvics thoracic or absent, lateral pectoral fins, spines in dorsal) Percomorpha (pelvics attached to pectoral girdle) Order Perciformes Family Stromateidae Butterfishes 1. no pelvic fins 2. latteraly compressed 3. oval in shape 4. one dorsal fin