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Vertebrate Zoology Lab Exam 2 > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A

Subphyum: Craniata

Order: Myxiniformes

Hagfish

  1. Terminal mouth surrounded by barbles
  2. no dorsal fins
  3. no paired fins
  4. diphycercal tail
  5. vestigial eyes
  6. mucus glands
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2
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Vertebrata (new usage)

Order: Petromyzontiformes

lamprey

  1. large, ventral, toothed funnel around mouth without barbels
  2. one or two dorsal fins
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3
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Class: Osteostraci

extinct

  1. Dorso-ventrally flattend
  2. head and anterior body covered by bony shield
  3. ventral mouth
  4. heterocrercal tail
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4
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Class: Anaspida

extinct

  1. covered by small bony plates
  2. terminal mouth
  3. hypocercal tail
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5
Q
A

Class: Heterostraci

extinct

  1. Bony shiled covering head and anterior body
  2. hypocercal tail
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6
Q
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Superclass : Gnathostomata

Class: Placodermi

Order: Antiarchi

extinct

  1. Small ventral mouth
  2. very large pectoral fins
  3. heavily armored anteriorly
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7
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A

Superclass : Gnathostomata

Class: Placodermi

Order: Arthodira

extinct

  1. large terminal mouth
  2. small pectoral fins
  3. heavily armored anteriorly
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8
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Order: Cladoselachiformes

  1. Broad based immovable pectoral fins
  2. no claspers
  3. superficially homocercal tail
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9
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Holocephali (fleshy operculum covering gills)

Order Chimaeriformes

Chimaeras

  1. large head
  2. large eyes
  3. elongate tail
  4. large spine anterior to first dorsal fin
  5. Cephalic “clasper”in males
  6. Claspers on Pelvics
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10
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Order Xenacanthiformes

extinct

  1. elongate paired fins
  2. diphycercal tail
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11
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A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeoomorpha

Order Heterodontiformes

Horn Sharks

  1. Dorsal fins with heavy spines
  2. anterior teeth pointed
  3. posterior teeth flattened
  4. fin spines
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12
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A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeoomorpha

Order Carcharhiniformes

Requiem Sharks

  1. Dorsal fins spineless
  2. nicticting membrane below eye
  3. side teeth usually largest and seperated from front teeth by short gap
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13
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A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Superorder Squalomorphi

Order Squaliformes

  1. spines anterior to dorsal fins
  2. body notdorso-ventrally flatterned
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14
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A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Galeomorpha

Order Lamniformes

White Shark, Mako Shark

  1. dorsal fins spineless
  2. front teeth largest and separated from side teeth by toothless gap or series of smaller teeth
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15
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorhpha

Superorder Squatinomorphi

Order Squatiniformes

  1. pectoral fins enlarged
  2. head and body dorso-ventrally flattened
  3. gill slits opening laterally
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16
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Rhinobatiformes

Guitar fish

  1. tail relativly thick
  2. two dorsal fins
  3. caudal fin well developed
  4. spines on back and tail
  5. no sting
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17
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Rajiformes

Skates

  1. Tail very thin
  2. two small dorsal fins
  3. caudal fin reduced or absent
  4. spines present or absent
  5. no sting
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18
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elasmobranchii

Infraclass Squalomorpha

Order Myliobatiformes

Rays

  1. Tails usually very thin
  2. no caudal or dorsal fin (if caudal fin is present then tail relatively thick and dorsal fin)
  3. no spines
  4. elongate sting (midway down dorsum of tail present)
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19
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Chondrichthyes

Subclass Elastombranchii

Order Torpediniformes

electric rays

  1. tail relativly thick
  2. caudal fin well developed
  3. two dorsal fins
  4. no spines or sting
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20
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Acanthodii

extinct

Spiny Sharks

  1. Not armored
  2. small ganoid scales
  3. series of spiny projections along side
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21
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Coelacanthini

  1. all fins lobed except first dorsal
  2. unique three lobed tail
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22
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Dipnoi

Order Lepidosireniformes

lung fish

  1. paired fins filamentous
  2. diphycercal tail
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23
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Infraclass Dipnoi

Order Osteiolepiformes

extinct

  1. heterocercal tail
  2. two dorsal fins
  3. paddle like paired fins (fleshy badal lobes)
  4. true internal nares
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24
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Polypteriformes

Bichirs

  1. Heavy ganoid scales
  2. numerous dorsal finlets
  3. diphycercal tail
  4. lobe at bases of paired fins
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25
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Acipenseriformes

Surgeons and paddle fish

  1. plankton feeders
  2. few large ganoid scales or scaleless
  3. heterocercal tail
  4. broad and flattened snout
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26
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Lepisosteiformes

gars

  1. long thoothed snout
  2. weakly heterocercal tail
  3. ganoid scales
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27
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Amiiformes

bowfins

  1. blunt snout
  2. weakly heterocercal tail
  3. cycloid scales
  4. single elongate dorsal fin extending to caudal fin
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28
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Osteoglossiformes

Bony Tounged fishes

  1. main biteis b/w bony tongue and roof of mouth
  2. maxilla included in gape
  3. swim bladder open to pharynx
  4. pelvics, adominal
  5. no spiny rays
29
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Elopiformes

Tarpons

  1. elongate mouth with numerous teeth
  2. deeply forked tail
  3. abdonimal pelvics
  4. no spiny rays
30
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Anguilliformes

  1. elongate body
  2. dorsal and anal fins elongate and continuous
  3. small caudal fin
  4. no pelvics, spiny rays
  5. pectorallateral or absent
31
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Clupeiformes

  1. silvery and shiny
  2. deep body laterally compressed
  3. abdominal pelvics
  4. no spiney rays
  5. deeply forked tail
  6. maxilla included in gape
  7. unique ear-gas bladder connection
  8. neurocranium
  9. caudal fin skeleton
32
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Cypriniformes

Minnows

  1. enlarged
  2. sickle-shaped
  3. toothed
  4. lower pharyngeal bones (hyals) bite against posterior extension of the basiooccipital
  5. jaws toothless
  6. short barbers around mouth
  7. dorsal fin present
33
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Characiformes

Characins

  1. opposing pharyngeal teeth
  2. teeth on jaws
  3. adipose fin
  4. dorsal fin present
34
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Siluriformes

Catfishes

  1. no true scales
  2. spinous rays
  3. anterior to dorsal and pectoral fins
  4. long fleshy barbels around mouth
  5. adipose fin
35
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Gymnotiformes

Knife fishes

  1. no dorsal fin
  2. no adiposefin
  3. caudal and pelvic fins usually absent
  4. anus far forward
  5. anal fin usually elongate
  6. electrogenic
36
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Osmeriformes

Smelts

  1. maxilla included in gape
  2. adipose fin present or absent
  3. dorsal fin originates opposite to or posterior to pelvics
37
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Salmoniformes

Salmon or trout

  1. pectoral fins usually ventral
  2. adipose fin
  3. dorsal fin orginates anterior to pelvics
  4. caudal fin large without much posterior emargination
  5. maxilla included in gape
38
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Myctophiformes

Latern fish

  1. maxilla excluded form gape
  2. swim bladder absent
  3. photophores
  4. pectoral fins lateral
  5. adipose fin
  6. nocturnal
39
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Lampriformes

  1. soft rayed
  2. laterally compressed
40
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Batrachoidiformes

midshipmen

  1. pelvic fins jugular
  2. short spinous dorsal fin procedes long soft dorsal fin
  3. broad head
  4. wide mouth
  5. scaleless with lare lateral line pits
41
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Lophiiformes

Anglers

  1. spinous anterior dorsal fin modified into a lure (illicium)
  2. gill opening reduced to small elongate, tube-like opening adjacent to pectoral fin
  3. pelvic fins jugular or absent
42
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Gadiformes

Cods

  1. no spines in fins
  2. pelvics thoracic, jugular, or absent
  3. dorsal and anal fin elongate or subdivived into 2+fins
  4. posterior dorsal and posterior anal unite with small caudal to form single large “caudal” fin
43
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Ophidiiformes

  1. few or no spines in fin
  2. pelvics jugulars mental or absent
  3. dorsal and anal fin elongate fused with small caudal
44
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Mugiliformes

Mullets

  1. elongate with abdominal pelvics
  2. two widely separated dorsal fins
45
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Atheriniformes

Silversides

  1. two dorsal fins with soft spines
  2. no beak
46
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Cyprinodontiformes

Killifishes

  1. one dorsal fin with soft rays
  2. no beak
47
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Beloniformes

needle fishes

  1. flying fishes
  2. one dorsal fin with soft rays
  3. elongate beak that opens widely
48
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Gasterosteiformes

Sticklebacks

  1. 2+ free spines anterior to dorsal fin
  2. pelvic fins pecular spikes
  3. bony plates on side of body
49
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Syngathiformes

pipefish

  1. tubular snount with small gape
  2. body encased in bony plates
  3. no pelvic fins
  4. males incubate eggs in brood pouch
50
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Scorpaeniformes

rockfish and sculpins

  1. bottom dwelling fishes
  2. bony “suborbitial stay” extending under skin from ventral to eye posteriorly to operculm
  3. freq with spines on various parts of body
51
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Order Pleuronectiformes

flatfishes

  1. adults lie on one side or the other with both eyes on the up side
  2. juvenile resembles ordinarly perciformes but metamorphoses into adult lying on bottom
52
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Tetraodontiformes

triggerfish and puffers

  1. small gill openings
  2. small mouth with strong teeth
  3. scales modified into plates or spines
  4. pelvic fins usually absent
53
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Serranidae

Seabasses

  1. 3+spiny rays in anal fin
  2. 2-3 short spines on operculum
  3. maxilla exposed when mouth closed
  4. caudal fin flexible and only slightly indented posteriorly
54
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Centrarchidae

Sunfishes

  1. 3+spiny rays in anal fin
  2. maxilla exposed when mouth closed
  3. caudal fin flexable and only slightly indented posteriorly
55
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Percidae

Perches

  1. 1-2 spiny rays in anal fin
  2. maxilla exposed when mouth closed
  3. caudal fin flexable and only slightly indented posteriorly

4.2-3 short spines on operculum

56
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Echeneididae

Remoras

  1. spiny rays of dorsal fin modified to form sucking disk
57
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Carangidae

Jacks

  1. cresent shaped
  2. stiff caudal fin
  3. two anterior rectangle anal fin spines isolated form anal fin
  4. no more thatn two finlet posterior to dorsal and anal fin
  5. no keels on caudal peduncle (narrow)
58
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Sciaenidae

Croakers

  1. lateral line extends to middle of caudal fin
  2. dorsal fin elongate with notch b/w spiny and soft rays
  3. 1-2 anal fin spines
59
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Embiotocidae

Surf Perches

  1. sheath of scales over base of dorsal fin and dorsal deep furrow
  2. elongate pectoral fin
60
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Pomacentridae

Damsel fishes

  1. lateral line terminates at posteriorend of dorsal fin
  2. dorsal andanal fins with elongate posterior lobes
  3. 1-2 anal fin spines
61
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Labridae

Wrasses

  1. protruding teeth in both jaws
  2. jaws protrude even when mouth closed
62
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Stichaeidae

Prickle backs

  1. elongate with relativly long anal and dorsal fins
  2. mostly/ entirely spiny
  3. tail longer than head and body
  4. small, seperate caudal fin
63
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Uranoscopidae

Star gazers

  1. eyes on top of head
  2. laterally flattened
  3. electrogenic
64
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Clinidae

Kelpfishes

  1. moderately elongated fishes with spiny rayed part of dorsal fin longer than soft rayed part
65
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Gobiesocidae

Clingfishes

  1. pelvic fins jugular and modified to form a sucking disk
  2. no spine in the fins
  3. no scales
66
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Gobiidae

Gobies

  1. pelvic fins united to form a sucking disk
  2. no spine in the fins
  3. no scales
  4. two dorsal fins
67
Q
A

Superclass Gnathostomata

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Order Perciformes

Family Sphyraenidae

Barracudas

  1. very elongate jaws with lower more than upper
  2. large teeth
  3. 2 widely seperated dorsal fins
68
Q
A

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Superorder Acanthopterygii (pelvics thoracic or absent, lateral pectoral fins, spines in dorsal)

Percomorpha (pelvics attached to pectoral girdle)

Order Perciformes

Family Scombridae

Tunas and Mackerels

  1. 1-3 lateral keelson caudal peduncle
  2. dorsal and anal fin followed by 5+ small finlets
  3. caudal fin very stiff and often deeply indented
69
Q
A

Class Osteichthyes

Subclass Actinopterygii

Infraclass Teleostei

Superorder Acanthopterygii (pelvics thoracic or absent, lateral pectoral fins, spines in dorsal)

Percomorpha (pelvics attached to pectoral girdle)

Order Perciformes

Family Stromateidae

Butterfishes

  1. no pelvic fins
  2. latteraly compressed
  3. oval in shape
  4. one dorsal fin

Vertebrate Zoology Lab Exam 2 (2 decks)

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