Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
HTTP description
computers request/send data in English
the domain name system (DNS) description
website URL’s and their IP addresses
TCP description
sending and receiving packets–perfection
UDP description
sending and receiving packets–speed
internet protocol (IP) description
unique IP addresses, rules for routers
Binary/ASCII/Unicode protocols description
everything can be represented by bits
physical network description
copper wires, Wi-Fi, cell towers, routers
Engineers configured telephone switches to do simple calculations like adding two numbers (decade)
1920s
First computers; occupied entire rooms (decade)
1940s
Engineers could put multiple switches on a single chip. U.S. moon rocket program brought dramatically improved chips and decreased prices (decade)
1960s
Earlier room-sized computers could fit on one coin-sized computer chip (decade)
1970s
Earlier room-sized computers could fit on a pinhead-sized chip (decade)
Today
Moore’s Law
The trend of switch sizes halving about every two years
Transistors
switches
How many symbols are used in the binary system?
2
How many symbols are used in the decimal system?
10
How many bits are in 2 bytes?
16
01101101 in decimal
109
11010011 in decimal
211
203 in binary
11001011
Why is Moore’s Law ending?
Because we are reaching the inability to double the number of transistors in the current area of a circuit or chip. We are down to a 2 nm distance as of now. Technology is not in place to shrink the space between transistors forever.
How can you tell if a binary number is even (or odd) just by looking at it?
You can look at the right-most bit. If it is a 1, the number is odd. If it is a 0, the number is even.
Why do computers use the ASCII/Unicode protocols
What is an abstraction?
How is the internet abstract?
What are routers?
What happens if a router crashes?
What is redundant routing?
Who owns the internet?
Who controls the internet?
What are the two responsibilities of the internet protocol?
What is the first thing that happens when a new device is connected to the internet?
What makes the internet “fault tolerant” (4 reasons)?
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? How many bits for each IP address?
What is a packet of data? How big are they?
Why do we break down data (like an image or file) into packets? Why not just send the whole thing in one packet?
What metadata must be in each data packet so it can reach the receiver? 5 things
What are the differences between TCP and UDP? What determines which one to use?
What is a website URL and why do users use them to access a website?
What is the purpose of the Domain Name System?
What is DNS spoofing and how does it get a user to a fraudulent website?
How can a user tell if the website they are viewing is fake/fraudulent?
What are the two main HTTP commands?
What can a HTTP request ask for?
How does a device connect to a website’s server?
What is bandwidth and how is it measured?
What is latency and how is it measured?
