Lab Exam 2

Question 1

HTTP description

Answer 1

computers request/send data in English

Question 2

the domain name system (DNS) description

Answer 2

website URL’s and their IP addresses

Question 3

TCP description

Answer 3

sending and receiving packets–perfection

Question 4

UDP description

Answer 4

sending and receiving packets–speed

Question 5

internet protocol (IP) description

Answer 5

unique IP addresses, rules for routers

Question 6

Binary/ASCII/Unicode protocols description

Answer 6

everything can be represented by bits

Question 7

physical network description

Answer 7

copper wires, Wi-Fi, cell towers, routers

Question 8

Engineers configured telephone switches to do simple calculations like adding two numbers (decade)

Answer 8

1920s

Question 9

First computers; occupied entire rooms (decade)

Answer 9

1940s

Question 10

Engineers could put multiple switches on a single chip. U.S. moon rocket program brought dramatically improved chips and decreased prices (decade)

Answer 10

1960s

Question 11

Earlier room-sized computers could fit on one coin-sized computer chip (decade)

Answer 11

1970s

Question 12

Earlier room-sized computers could fit on a pinhead-sized chip (decade)

Answer 12

Today

Question 13

Moore’s Law

Answer 13

The trend of switch sizes halving about every two years

Question 14

Transistors

Answer 14

switches

Question 15

How many symbols are used in the binary system?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

How many symbols are used in the decimal system?

Answer 16

10

Question 17

How many bits are in 2 bytes?

Answer 17

16

Question 18

01101101 in decimal

Answer 18

109

Question 19

11010011 in decimal

Answer 19

211

Question 20

203 in binary

Answer 20

11001011

Question 21

Why is Moore’s Law ending?

Answer 21

Because we are reaching the inability to double the number of transistors in the current area of a circuit or chip. We are down to a 2 nm distance as of now. Technology is not in place to shrink the space between transistors forever.

Question 22

How can you tell if a binary number is even (or odd) just by looking at it?

Answer 22

You can look at the right-most bit. If it is a 1, the number is odd. If it is a 0, the number is even.

Question 23

Why do computers use the ASCII/Unicode protocols

Question 24

What is an abstraction?

Question 25

How is the internet abstract?

Question 26

What are routers?

Question 27

What happens if a router crashes?

Question 28

What is redundant routing?

Question 29

Who owns the internet?

Question 30

Who controls the internet?

Question 31

What are the two responsibilities of the internet protocol?

Question 32

What is the first thing that happens when a new device is connected to the internet?

Question 33

What makes the internet “fault tolerant” (4 reasons)?

Question 34

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? How many bits for each IP address?

Question 35

What is a packet of data? How big are they?

Question 36

Why do we break down data (like an image or file) into packets? Why not just send the whole thing in one packet?

Question 37

What metadata must be in each data packet so it can reach the receiver? 5 things

Question 38

What are the differences between TCP and UDP? What determines which one to use?

Question 39

What is a website URL and why do users use them to access a website?

Question 40

What is the purpose of the Domain Name System?

Question 41

What is DNS spoofing and how does it get a user to a fraudulent website?

Question 42

How can a user tell if the website they are viewing is fake/fraudulent?

Question 43

What are the two main HTTP commands?

Question 44

What can a HTTP request ask for?

Question 45

How does a device connect to a website’s server?

Question 46

What is bandwidth and how is it measured?

Question 47

What is latency and how is it measured?