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BIOL 310 Invertebrate Zoology > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Setaceous

A
  • tapering
  • segments become slender distally
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2
Q

filiform

A
  • threadlike
  • segments all of uniform size
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3
Q

moniliform

A
  • beadlike
  • segments resembling a string of beads
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4
Q

clavate

A
  • clubbed
  • segments increased in diameter
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5
Q

capitate

A
  • having a head
  • terminal segments enlarge suddenly
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6
Q

Serrate

A
  • sawlike
  • segments are triangular in shape
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7
Q

pectinate

A
  • comblike
  • most segments have lateral processes
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8
Q

Plumose

A
  • feathery
  • most segments have many hairs
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9
Q

aristate

A
  • the last segment with a dorsal bristle (arista)
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10
Q

Stylate

A
  • last segment having elongate terminal style
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11
Q

flabellate

A
  • clubbed
  • terminal segments terminal and sheet like, extending laterally
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12
Q

lamellate

A
  • leaflike
  • terminal segments form oval lobes
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13
Q

geniculate

A
  • elbowed
  • first segment long followed by angled, shorter segments
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14
Q

no metamorphosis

A
  • insects hatch directly from egg resembling mini adult but lack wings
  • molting will result in increase in size
  • no major modifications between each molt (ametabolous)
  • Thysanura
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15
Q

hemimetabolous/ incomplete metamorphosis

A
  • young emerge from eggs someone similar to adults but with very large heads
  • juvenile stage is a nymph
  • development to adult is done through molts
  • some nymphs can be aquatic
  • Orthoptera, homoptera, isoptera (cockroaches and termites), hemiptera, odonata, plecoptera, and ephemeroptera
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16
Q

holometabolous/ complete metamorphosis

A
  • egg –> larva –> pupae –> adult
  • eggs hatch into segmented worm like larva
  • larva feed and grow and undergo many molts
  • final molt is into pupal stage which is stationary and non-feeding
  • juvenile tissues are reabsorbed and adult organs are formed
  • adult emerges from the pupal case
  • Coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, lepidoptera
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17
Q

hexapoda

A
  • subphylum of arthropoda
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18
Q

Insecta

A
  • class of hexapoda
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19
Q

Thysanura

A
  • order of insecta
  • silverfish and bristletails
  • wing-less
  • two or three styliform appendages on abdomen
  • chewing mouthparts
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20
Q

Ephemeroptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • mayflies
  • wings membranous
  • first pair of wings larger than second pair
  • two or three caudal appendages and a single tarsal claw
  • vestigial chewing mouthparts in adults
  • aquatic nymphs have gills on the abdomen dorso-laterally and with caudal filaments
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21
Q

Odonata

A
  • order of insecta
  • dragonflies (anisoptera) and damselflies (zygoptera)
  • wings membranous
  • chewing mouthparts
  • dragonfly nymphs have rectal gills
  • damselfly nymphs have caudal gills
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22
Q

Plecoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • stoneflies
  • reduced mouthparts in adults
  • elongate antenna
  • long cerci
  • tarsi with 2 claws
  • membranous wings folded over abdomen at rest
  • aquatic nymphs with 2 caudal cerci and gills never dorsolaterally on abdomen
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23
Q

Blattodea

A
  • order of insecta
  • cockroaches and termites
  • Cockroaches:
    • dorsoventrally flattened bodies
    • antenna long
    • leathery forewings
  • termites (isoptera):
    • eusocial
    • soft-bodied
    • antenna short
    • wings equal in size and lost in workers
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24
Q

Orthoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • grasshoppers, katydids, crickets, and others
  • membranous hindwing folded beneath leathery forewing (tegmina)
  • hindleg femur enlarged
  • chewing mouthparts
  • nymphs are terrestrial
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25
Q

Hemiptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • basal part of forewing is thickened while distal part is membranous (hemelytra)
  • overlapping wings are rest
  • hind wing membranous
  • piercing-sucking mouthparts
  • suborder homoptera (same winged) have membranous forewings
    • includes aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers
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26
Q

Hymenoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • ants, bees, wasps
  • winged and wingless
  • membranous with few veins
  • solitary or eusocial
  • mouthparts for chewing, lapping, or sucking
  • females with ovipositor specialized for sawing, piercing, or stinging
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27
Q

Coleoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • beetles
  • anterior wings are think and hard (elytra)
  • chewing mouthparts
  • larva stage is called a grub
  • some aquatic families
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28
Q

megaloptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • alderflies, fishflies, and dobsonflies
  • both pairs of wings are membranous
  • held in tentlike position at rest
  • chewing mouthparts
  • aquatic larva
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29
Q

Siphonaptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • fleas
  • bodies compressed laterally
  • wingless
  • legs modified for jumping
  • piercing- sucking mouthparts
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30
Q

Diptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • flies and mosquitoes
  • reduced hindwings (halteres)
  • filiform antenna
  • sponging, sucking, lapping mouthparts
  • larva called a maggot
  • some aquatic juveniles
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31
Q

Trichoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • caddisfly
  • resemble small moths
  • body and wings covered in very short hairs
  • long antenna in adults
  • aquatic larva
  • larva have abdominal prolegs and create portable houses held together by silk
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32
Q

Lepidoptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • butterflies and moths
  • butterfly antenna end in knob
  • moth antenna never end in knob
  • body and wings covered in scales
  • coiled proboscis
  • larva called caterpillar
    • 3 pairs of thoracic legs, 5 pairs of prolegs
    • 6 simple eyes on head
    • may be aquatic but usually terrestrial
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33
Q

Neuroptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • lacewings, antlions
  • similar to megaloptera
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34
Q

dermaptera

A
  • order of insecta
  • earwigs
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35
Q

Vermiform

A
  • maggotlike
  • body elongated and wormlike
  • legless
  • with or without well developed head
  • diptera, siphonaptera, hymenoptera, some coleoptera and lepidoptera
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36
Q

scarabaeiform

A
  • grub like
  • usually curved
  • well developed head
  • thoracic legs but no abdominal prolegs
  • inactive and sluggish
  • in some coleoptera
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37
Q

elateriform

A
  • mealworms or wireworm like
  • elongated body
  • cylindrical
  • hard shelled
  • thoracic legs very short compared to campodeiform
  • short body bristles
  • in some coleoptera
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38
Q

campodeiform

A
  • elongated body
  • somewhat flattened
  • well developed cerci, antenna, and thoracic legs
  • active
  • neuroptera, trichoptera, coleoptera
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39
Q

Eruciform

A
  • caterpillar like
  • presence of thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs
  • lepidoptera and some hymenoptera (sawflies)
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40
Q

biting and chewing mouthparts

A
  • mandibulate
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41
Q

piercing and sucking mouthparts

A
  • mosquitoes, fleas, true bugs
  • haustellate
  • sharp, needle like projection called stylet
  • formed by modification of various mouthparts
  • sheathed by a modified labium
  • mosquitoes (proboscis)
  • hemiptera (rostrum)
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42
Q

sucking mouthparts

A
  • honeybee
  • chewing wax or wood and sucking and lapping nectar
  • labrum is narrow
  • mandibles project laterally
  • elongated labium and covered in hair (glossa), extendable to probe flowers
43
Q

sucking/siphoning mouthparts

A
  • butterflies and moths
  • haustellate mouthparts lacking stylet
    siphon ing tube called proboscis (fused maxillae)
  • folded and held between labial palps
44
Q

lapping or sponging mouthparts

A
  • house fly
  • non-biting flies
  • extrude saliva onto food then laps up the dissolved saliva- food mixture
  • elongated labium
  • in biting flies mandibles are prominent and used to bite prey
45
Q

Elytra

A
  • coleoptera
  • hardened forewing
  • strengthened through sclerotization
  • poor for flight
  • held static while in air
  • used for protection
46
Q

hemelytra

A
  • hemiptera (heteroptera)
  • partially hardened wing
  • proxminal region of forewing pigmented and leathery
  • distal portion membranous
  • membranous shorter hindwings
  • forewings cross over one another when folded
47
Q

tegmina

A
  • orthoptera
  • leathery
48
Q

scales

A
  • lepidoptera
  • scales cover the wings
  • easily rubbed off
49
Q

5 divisions of phylum arthopodia (subphylums)

A
  1. Trilobita
  2. Chelicerata
  3. Myriapoda
  4. Crustacea
  5. Hexapoda
50
Q

Trilobita

51
Q

chelicerata

A
  • 2 body regions or complete fusion into a single unit
  • lacking antenna
  • first pair of appendages are chelicerae (basis of mouthparts)
  • next appendage is pedipalps (handling food)
  • 4 pairs of walking legs
  • mandibles are not present
  • two body sections (prosoma and opisthosoma)
  • three classes (merostomata, pycnogonida, arachnida)
52
Q

Myriapoda

A
  • millipedes and centipedes
  • many segments
  • one or two pairs of legs on each segment
  • uniramous appendages
  • single pair of antenna
53
Q

Crustacea

A
  • mainly aquatic
  • biramous appendages
  • two pairs of antenna
  • mandibles
54
Q

hexapoda

A
  • insects
  • 6 pairs of legs
55
Q

Merostomata

A
  • class of chelicerata
  • horseshoe crab
  • long tail spine (telson)
  • carapace for shallow burrowing
  • compound eyes
  • light sensing eyes also present along body
  • genital opercula
  • gill opercula
  • book gills
56
Q

Arachnida

A
  • class of chelicerata
  • 8 jointed legs
  • front pair sensory
57
Q

scorpiones

A
  • order of arachnida
  • long mobile tail (metasoma)
  • enlarged final segment of tail (telson)
  • curved stinger (aculeus)
  • anterior prosoma and posterior opisthosoma
  • opisothsoma subdivided into metasoma and mesosoma
  • spiracles on mesosoma that lead to book lungs
  • pectines are comblike sensory organs
  • carapace covering dorsal side of prosoma
  • simple eyes
  • chewing chelicerae
  • enlarged pedipalps that are chelate (claws)
58
Q

Uropygi

A
  • order of arachnida
  • whip scorpion
59
Q

Opiliones

A
  • order of arachnida
  • harvestmen
  • prosoma and opisthosoma are fused
  • long legs hold body elevated from the ground
  • single pair of eyes in the middle of the cephalothorax
  • leg like pedipalps
  • repugnatorial or stink glands
60
Q

araneae

A
  • order of arachnida
  • prosoma has 6 pairs of appendages (chelicerae- fangs, pedipalps, 4 pairs of legs)
  • prosoma and opisthosoma are connected by pedicel
  • fluid feeders
  • carapace
  • 2 rows of 4 eyes
  • spiracles on epigastric furrow are openings to book lungs on the ventral side of opisthosoma
  • 4-6 spinnerettes
61
Q

Chilopoda

A
  • class of myriapoda
  • centipedes
  • flattened rigid bodies
  • single pair of legs per segment
  • two pairs of maxillae
  • first pair of body appendage is a poisonous maxilliped with claw of fang like forcipules
  • last pair of legs is longer for sensory or defensive purposes
62
Q

Diplopoda

A
  • class of myriapoda
  • millipede
  • cylindrical body
  • 2 pairs of legs per segment (result of fusion of segments)
  • single pair of maxillae on head
63
Q

Branchiopoda

A
  • class of crustacea
  • gills on appendages
  • compound eyes
  • carapace
64
Q

Anostraca

A
  • order of brachiopoda
  • brine shrimp
  • covered in thin cuticle and lacks carapace
  • eleven pairs of leaf like appendages (thoracopods or phyllopodia) used for filter feeding and swimming
  • pair of compound eyes on flexible stalks
  • single eye on centre of head (naupliar eye)
65
Q

Cladocera

A
  • order of brachiopoda
  • water fleas
  • (daphnia)
  • large second antenna
  • compound eye
  • epipodites (setose thoracic appendages)
66
Q

Malacostraca

A
  • class of crustacea
67
Q

amphipoda

A
  • order of malacostraca
  • Hyalella
  • laterally flattened shrimp
  • no carapace
  • gills present on thoracic segments
  • large first and second antenna
  • paired sessile compound eyes
  • 8 pairs of appendages
  • head, thorax (pereon), abdomen (pleon + urosome)
68
Q

isopoda

A
  • order of malacostraca
  • woodlouse
  • dorsoventrally flattened
  • head and first segment fused as cephalon
  • no carapace
  • 2 pairs of unbranched antenna
  • compound eyes not on stalk
  • pereon has 7 pairs of unbranched appendages (pereiopods) for crawling
  • pleopods used for respiration on ventral side of pleon
69
Q

decapod

A
  • order of malacostraca
  • 10 legs
  • shrimp, crabs, lobsters
70
Q

Caridea

A
  • infraorder of decapods
  • true shrimp and prawns
  • slender elongated bodies
  • slender legs for swimming
  • long antenna
71
Q

Astacidea

A
  • infraorder of decapods
  • lobsters and crayfish
  • chelae (claws) on first 3 pairs of pereiopods
  • first pair large used for crushing
  • elongated abdomen
  • move by walking
72
Q

achelata

A
  • infraorder of decapoda
  • spiny lobsters
  • lack chelae
  • elongated first antenna
73
Q

brachyura

A
  • infraorder of decapoda
  • true crabs
  • shortened abdomen folded under thorax
  • very strong exoskeleton
74
Q

anomura

A
  • infraorder of decapoda
  • hermit crabs, king crabs, mole crabs
  • abdomen may be soft
  • first pereopods are chelate
  • only 4 pairs of kegs are easily visible
75
Q

Mollusca

A
  • phylum
  • internal organs in mantle
  • ventral muscular foot for movement and food acquisition
76
Q

Cephalopoda

A
  • class of mollusca
  • reduced shell (internal), except for octopus with none
  • well developed brain and complex nervous system
  • anterior portaion of foot is modified as arms and tentacles
  • muscular mouth region with beak
  • ## jet propulsion for movement
77
Q

gastropoda

A
  • class of mollusca
  • snails and slugs
  • well developed head
  • muscular foot for creeping or swimming
  • single asymmetrical shell made of calcium carbonate
78
Q

pulmonata

A
  • subclass of gastropoda
  • terrestrial gastropods that breath with a lung
79
Q

Conical shell

A
  • cone shaped shell
  • limpet shape
80
Q

planospiral shell

A
  • garden snail shell
81
Q

spiral

A
  • elongated spiral shell
82
Q

Bivalvia

A
  • class of molluscs
  • no radula
  • sensory organs
83
Q

Polyplacophora

A
  • class of molluscs
  • chitons
  • dorsoventrally flattened
  • shell made of 8 articulating valves
  • mantle extends past shell
84
Q

Asteroidea

A
  • class of echinodermata
  • sea stars
  • central disc and 5 rays
  • oral and aboral side
  • ambulacral grooves with tube feet
  • madreporite for water vascular system
  • papulae important in respiration
  • light sensitive terminal tube foot
85
Q

ophiuroidea

A
  • class of echinodermata
  • brittle stars
  • madreporite on oral side
  • crawling movement with slender arms
  • ophiurida (brittle stars) and euryalida (basket stars)
86
Q

Echinoidea

A
  • class of echinodermata
  • urchins
  • rigid skeleton (test) and spines that are muscularly moved
  • madreporite on aboral surface
  • sea urchins are round, sand dollars are flattened
87
Q

holothuroidea

A
  • class of echinodermata
  • sea cucumbers
  • internal madreporite
  • oral tentacles
88
Q

crinoidea

A
  • class of echinodermata
  • feather star and sea lily
  • theca and arms (5-10) called crown
  • oral side faces up for filter feeding
  • no madreporite
  • Bourgueticrinida (sea lilies) and comatulida (feather stars- no stalk)
89
Q

Hydrozoa

A
  • class of cnidaria
  • having polyps and medusa
90
Q

siponophora

A
  • order of hydrozoa
  • Portuguese man of war
91
Q

anthozoa

A
  • class of cnidaria
  • no medusae
92
Q

hexacorallia

A
  • subclass of anthozoa
  • sea anemone
  • unbranched tentacles
  • basal disc can detach for movement
93
Q

Octocorallia

A
  • subclass of anthozoa
  • soft corals
  • sea whip
  • do not produce calcium carbonate skeleton
  • sclerites as skeleton
  • colonial
94
Q

Annelida

A
  • phylum
  • body segmentation
  • chitin bristles (setae)
  • errantia and sedentaria
95
Q

polychaete

A
  • not actual group
  • includes tube dwellers and clitellata
96
Q

Hirudinida

A
  • part of clitellates
  • leeches
97
Q

cestoda

A
  • class of platyhelminthes
  • tapeworms
98
Q

clitellate

A
  • class of annelida
  • typical earth worm
  • “collar” around worm called clitellum
99
Q

nematoda

A
  • phylum
  • round worms
  • parasitic
100
Q

nematomorpha

A
  • phylum
  • horsehair worms
  • parasitic
101
Q

oligochaeta

A
  • class of annelids or subclass of clitellata
  • earthworms
102
Q

trematoda

A
  • class of platyhelminthes
  • flat worms (flukes)
  • parasitic
103
Q

pycnogonida

A
  • class of arthropoda
  • sea spiders

BIOL 310 Invertebrate Zoology (10 decks)

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