Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
How many centimeters are in one meter?
100
Liters and milliliters are the metric units used to measure?
Volume
How many milliliters are in one liter?
1000
The length of a table is 14.25 decimeters. How many meters is it?
1.425m
Linear metric measurements (in order)
Millimeters (mm)
Centimeters (cm)
Decimeters (dm)
Meters (m)
Kilometers (km)
Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula
C + 40, x1.8, -40= F
Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion formula
F + 40, x5, /9, -40 = C
What is the magnification of the ocular?
10x
What is the TOTAL magnification when the low power objective is in the viewing position?
100x
(10x10=100)
What effect does an increase in magnification have on the illumination of the field of view?
It dims it (gets darker)
What knob do you never move when using the high power objective?
The course adjustment knob
What part of the microscope is used to move the stage upward to allow for focusing with the scanner and low power objectives?
The course adjustment knob
Name the objective lenses in order with their respective magnification power (then total w ocular)
Ocular (eyepiece)= 10x
Scanning objective= 4x (40x)
Low objective= 10x (100x)
High objective= 40x (400x)
Oil immersion= 100x (1000x)
The streaming of the cytoplasm within a cell is referred to as?
Cyclosis
When salt water is added to a fresh water plant, dehydration occurs via a process callled….?
Plasmolysis
List two differences between plant and animal cells
-Plants have cell walls and are rectangular shape
-animal cells are round
-plant cells contain chloroplasts
What are the round, green organelles found in aquatic plant cells?
Chloroplasts
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Produce energy through photosynthesis
Define Diffusion
Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration to achieve equilibrium
Define osmosis
Passage of water from high to low concentration through a membrane
What effect does temperature have on diffusion?
Higher temperatures = faster diffusion rate
Low temperatures = slower diffusion rate
What effect does molecular weight have on the rate of diffusion?
Heavy molecular weight = slower rate of diffusion
Lighter molecular weight = faster rate of diffusion
What are molecules trying to achieve by diffusion?
Equilibrium
When CO2 dissolves in water it chemically combines with water to form….?
Carbonic acid
What is mitosis?
When cells divide, results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell. It’s used for growth and repair in an organism
What is meiosis and its function?
Sex cells divide to produce gametes (eggs or sperm) that function in reproduction of the whole organism. Results in daughter cells that contain one half the original number of chromosomes of the original cell.
What is it called when a cell is NOT dividing?
Interphase (has a distinct nucleus)
What are the four phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What are the two major events of cell division and their roles?
-NUCLEAR DIVISION (divided chromosomes into two groups)
-CYTOKINESIS (division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells)
What part of the microscope moves the stage minutely for precise final focusing?
Fine adjustment knob
Hypertonic
High solute concentration (salt water)
Hypotonic
Low solute concentration (fresh water)
Isotonic
Equal concentration
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and membranous cytoplasmic organelles (specialized structures in a cell)
- smaller that eukaryotic cells and include only bacteria and Cyanobacteria
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope, possess many specialized organelles, and are larger than prokaryotic cells.
-include cells of plants, animals, fungi, and protista
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Suspends organelles and fills cell space
Chromosomes/Chromatin purpose
Contains genetic code, composed of DNA molecules that control cell process
Centrioles purpose
For microtubule system. Involved in cellular reproduction. (Absent in plant cells)
Endoplasmic reticulum purpose
Produces Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus purpose
Stores, modifies, and packages materials for export from cell, produces lysosomes
Lysosomes
Contain strong digestive enzymes to break down materials
Ribosomes purpose
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration which releases energy as ATP
What describes a plasma cell membranes ability to regulate what can go into and out of a cell?
Selective permeability
What is filtration
Passage of material from high to low pressure through selectively permeable membrane based on size
What specifically refers to the movement of water only?
Osmosis
