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BIO 155 > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many centimeters are in one meter?

A

100

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2
Q

Liters and milliliters are the metric units used to measure?

A

Volume

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3
Q

How many milliliters are in one liter?

A

1000

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4
Q

The length of a table is 14.25 decimeters. How many meters is it?

A

1.425m

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5
Q

Linear metric measurements (in order)

A

Millimeters (mm)
Centimeters (cm)
Decimeters (dm)
Meters (m)
Kilometers (km)

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6
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula

A

C + 40, x1.8, -40= F

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7
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion formula

A

F + 40, x5, /9, -40 = C

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8
Q

What is the magnification of the ocular?

A

10x

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9
Q

What is the TOTAL magnification when the low power objective is in the viewing position?

A

100x
(10x10=100)

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10
Q

What effect does an increase in magnification have on the illumination of the field of view?

A

It dims it (gets darker)

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11
Q

What knob do you never move when using the high power objective?

A

The course adjustment knob

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12
Q

What part of the microscope is used to move the stage upward to allow for focusing with the scanner and low power objectives?

A

The course adjustment knob

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13
Q

Name the objective lenses in order with their respective magnification power (then total w ocular)

A

Ocular (eyepiece)= 10x
Scanning objective= 4x (40x)
Low objective= 10x (100x)
High objective= 40x (400x)
Oil immersion= 100x (1000x)

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14
Q

The streaming of the cytoplasm within a cell is referred to as?

A

Cyclosis

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15
Q

When salt water is added to a fresh water plant, dehydration occurs via a process callled….?

A

Plasmolysis

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16
Q

List two differences between plant and animal cells

A

-Plants have cell walls and are rectangular shape
-animal cells are round
-plant cells contain chloroplasts

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17
Q

What are the round, green organelles found in aquatic plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts

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18
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Produce energy through photosynthesis

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19
Q

Define Diffusion

A

Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration to achieve equilibrium

20
Q

Define osmosis

A

Passage of water from high to low concentration through a membrane

21
Q

What effect does temperature have on diffusion?

A

Higher temperatures = faster diffusion rate

Low temperatures = slower diffusion rate

22
Q

What effect does molecular weight have on the rate of diffusion?

A

Heavy molecular weight = slower rate of diffusion

Lighter molecular weight = faster rate of diffusion

23
Q

What are molecules trying to achieve by diffusion?

A

Equilibrium

24
Q

When CO2 dissolves in water it chemically combines with water to form….?

A

Carbonic acid

25
Q

What is mitosis?

A

When cells divide, results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell. It’s used for growth and repair in an organism

26
Q

What is meiosis and its function?

A

Sex cells divide to produce gametes (eggs or sperm) that function in reproduction of the whole organism. Results in daughter cells that contain one half the original number of chromosomes of the original cell.

27
Q

What is it called when a cell is NOT dividing?

A

Interphase (has a distinct nucleus)

28
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis in order?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

29
Q

What are the two major events of cell division and their roles?

A

-NUCLEAR DIVISION (divided chromosomes into two groups)
-CYTOKINESIS (division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells)

30
Q

What part of the microscope moves the stage minutely for precise final focusing?

A

Fine adjustment knob

31
Q

Hypertonic

A

High solute concentration (salt water)

32
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low solute concentration (fresh water)

33
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal concentration

34
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and membranous cytoplasmic organelles (specialized structures in a cell)
- smaller that eukaryotic cells and include only bacteria and Cyanobacteria

35
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope, possess many specialized organelles, and are larger than prokaryotic cells.
-include cells of plants, animals, fungi, and protista

36
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Suspends organelles and fills cell space

37
Q

Chromosomes/Chromatin purpose

A

Contains genetic code, composed of DNA molecules that control cell process

38
Q

Centrioles purpose

A

For microtubule system. Involved in cellular reproduction. (Absent in plant cells)

39
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum purpose

A

Produces Golgi apparatus

40
Q

Golgi apparatus purpose

A

Stores, modifies, and packages materials for export from cell, produces lysosomes

41
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain strong digestive enzymes to break down materials

42
Q

Ribosomes purpose

A

Protein synthesis

43
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration which releases energy as ATP

44
Q

What describes a plasma cell membranes ability to regulate what can go into and out of a cell?

A

Selective permeability

45
Q

What is filtration

A

Passage of material from high to low pressure through selectively permeable membrane based on size

46
Q

What specifically refers to the movement of water only?

A

Osmosis

BIO 155 (17 decks)

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