Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
axial
central part of body
cephalic
head
cranial
brain
facial
face
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye
otic
ear
nasal
nose
buccal
cheek
oral
mouth
mental
chin
occipital
back of head
cervical
neck
thoracic
chest
sternal
breast bone
pectoral
chest
mammary
breast
abdominal
abdomen
umbilical
navel
coxal
hip
pelvic
pelvis
dorsal
back
scapular
shoulder blade
vertebral
spinal column
lumbar
lower back
appendicular
extremities or limbs
acromial
highest point of shoulder
axillary
armpit
brachial
arm
antecubital
anterior part of elbow
olecranal
posterior part of elbow
antebrachial
forearm
carpal
wrist
manual
hand
palmar
palm of hand
digital
fingers or toes
inguinal
groin
gluteal
buttocks
femoral
thigh
patellar
anterior part of knee
popliteal
posterior part of knee
curual
anterior surface of leg
fibular
lateral side of leg
sural
posterior surface of leg
tarsal
ankle
pedal
foot
plantar
sole of foot
calcaneal
heel
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior/ventral
closer to front of body
posterior/dorsal
closer to back of body
medial
closer to midline
lateral
further from midline
intermediate
between 2 structures
ipsilateral
same side of body
contralateral
opposite of body
proximal
closer to trunk
distal
further from trunk
superficial
closer to surface
deep
further from surface
frontal plane
splits into anterior and posterior sections, vertically
oblique plane
cuts body at an angle
transverse plane
splits body into superior and inferior sections, horizontally
sagittal plane
divides body into unequal right and left planes
midsagittal plane
divides body into equal right and left planes
longitudinal plane
along the long axis of a long, narrow structure
cross-sections
perpendicular to the long axis of a long, narrow structure
how to calculate magnification
objective lens power * ocular lens power
base of microscope
wide bottom part that supports the microscope
arm of microscope
the straight or curved vertical part that connects the base to the head
head of microscope
upper part of microscope that extends from the arm and contains the ocular lens and rotating nose piece with objective lenses
what does the plasma membrane do?
controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
what are microvilli?
folds of the plasma membrane that increases the surface area of the cell to increase absorption or secretion
what is contained in the nucleus?
contains DNA molecules and nucleolus
what occurs in the nucleolus?
assembly of ribosomes
what are chromatin?
long thin strands within nucleus, each strand composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins
what is the cytoplasm?
area of the cell in between the plasma membrane and nucleus which includes the cytosol and organelles
what is the cytosol?
fluid portion of cytoplasm in which many of the cell’s chemical reactions occur
what does the mitochondria make? through what process?
makes ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
what takes place at ribosomes? synthesis of…
site of protein synthesis
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
synthesizes proteins
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
synthesizes fatty acids and steriods
what is the nickname of the golgi complex? what are its functions?
receives, modifies, and transports proteins
“post office of the cell”
what is the function of secretory vesicles?
secretes substances outside of the cell via exocytosis
what is the function of lysosomes?
enzymes digest and recycle worn out organelles
what is the function of peroxisomes?
produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxify harmful substances
what is the function of the cytoskeleton?
maintain cell shape
what role do centrosomes/centrioles in mitosis?
form mitotic spindle
what are cilia?
shorter hair-like cell projections
what are flagella?
longer cell projections
a cell spends most of its time in its cell cycle in…
interphase
period in between cell divisions
interphase
phase of the cell cycle where the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear, chromatin condenses into chromosomes
prophase
phase of the cell cycle where spindle fibers form
prophase
phase of the cell cycle where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
metaphase
phase of the cell cycle where chromatids of chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles
anaphase
phase of cell cycle where cell reverses prophase activity
telophase
phase of cell cycle where clevage furrow forms and the cytoplasm divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
cytokinesis
part of interphase where the cell is metabolically active and begins to replicate its centrosomes
G1
part of interphase where DNA is replicated
S phase
part of interphase where cell growth continues and centrosome replication is completed
G2
