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Rapid Review > Lab/Dx findings > Flashcards

Lab/Dx findings Flashcards

1
Q
A
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1
Q

Anticentromere Ab’s

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) ab’s

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Ab’s

A

Drug Induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Ab’s

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial Ab’s (AMA)

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Ab’s (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener’s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg Strauss syndrome)

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8
Q

Antinuclear Ab’s (ANAs: anti smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet Ab’s

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab’s

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/ anti endomysial Ab’s

A

Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal XRay

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer Rods (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on Xray

A

Anlylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

Boot shaped heart on Xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram + rods w/sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to: 1. HyperPTH and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly w/apical atrophy

A

Chaga’s Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular creascents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer Wright Rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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28
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes Dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call Exner bodies (granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells in nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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34
Q

Enlarged cells w/intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl’s Eye” appearance of CMV

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35
Q

Enlarged thryoid cells w/ground glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie” eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

41
Q

Giant B cell w/bilobed nuclei w/prominent inclusions (“owl’s eyes”)

A

Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkins Lymphoma)

42
Q

Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessels in germ cells

A

Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

43
Q

“Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on Xray

A

beta thalessemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

hCG is elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/and w/o embryo)

45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile ab’s

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretion

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

48
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

49
Q

Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on Xray

A

Interstitial fibrosis

51
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic sx; folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)

52
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

53
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

54
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Loop and Thiazide diuretics

55
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

56
Q

Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)

57
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak Higashi Disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

58
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on Xray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

59
Q

Linear appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)

60
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

61
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

62
Q

Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesion on Xray

A

Multiple Myeloma

63
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

64
Q

Monoclonal Ab spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monocloncal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging); 3. Waldenstrom’s (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary Amyloidosis
65
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig ligh chains in urine]), Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia IgM

66
Q

Mucin filled cell w/peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastic carcinoma)

67
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

A

“String sign” Crohn’s Disease

68
Q

Needle shaped, negatively birefrigent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

69
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

70
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermis; Resistant: Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

71
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestive of liver due to right heart failure

72
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

73
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Resistant: Viridans streptococcus

74
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on Xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

75
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal change disease (child w/nephrotic syndrome)

76
Q

Polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

77
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s Disease and CJD)

78
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

79
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

80
Q

Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

81
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

82
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively borefringent

A

Pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate)

83
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

84
Q

Ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii

85
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated w/EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

86
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

87
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on Xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

88
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

89
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

90
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

91
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles EM in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

93
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral Xray

A

Epiglottitis (H.influenzae)

94
Q

Thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

95
Q

“Tram track” appearance on LM

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

96
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

97
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cells; affects the elderly)

98
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM

A

Lupus nephropathy

99
Q

Yellow CSF

A

Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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