Lab/Dx findings Flashcards
1
Q
A
1
Q
Anticentromere Ab’s
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) ab’s
A
Pemphigus Vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture’s Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone Ab’s
A
Drug Induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG Ab’s
A
Rheumatoid Arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial Ab’s (AMA)
A
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Ab’s (ANCAs)
A
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener’s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg Strauss syndrome)
8
Q
Antinuclear Ab’s (ANAs: anti smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet Ab’s
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase Ab’s
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/ anti endomysial Ab’s
A
Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
12
Q
“Apple core” lesion on abdominal XRay
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
13
Q
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
A
Auer Rods (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)
14
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
15
Q
“Bamboo spine” on Xray
A
Anlylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
16
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
17
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
Boot shaped heart on Xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
20
Q
Branching gram + rods w/sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)
22
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to: 1. HyperPTH and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
23
Q
Cardiomegaly w/apical atrophy
A
Chaga’s Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
24
Cellular creascents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright Rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes Dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call Exner bodies (granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells in nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
Enlarged cells w/intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's Eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thryoid cells w/ground glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
41
Giant B cell w/bilobed nuclei w/prominent inclusions ("owl's eyes")
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkins Lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessels in germ cells
Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on Xray
beta thalessemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
hCG is elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/and w/o embryo)
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile ab's
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretion
Bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
48
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
49
Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
50
"Honeycomb lung" on Xray
Interstitial fibrosis
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic sx; folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)
52
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
53
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
54
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Loop and Thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi Disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
58
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on Xray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear appearance of glomeruli on IF
Goodpasture's Syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
61
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
62
Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesion on Xray
Multiple Myeloma
63
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Monoclonal Ab spike
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA); 2. Monocloncal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging); 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia; 4. Primary Amyloidosis
65
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig ligh chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia IgM
66
Mucin filled cell w/peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastic carcinoma)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"String sign" Crohn's Disease
68
Needle shaped, negatively birefrigent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
69
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermis; Resistant: Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
71
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestive of liver due to right heart failure
72
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
73
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Resistant: Viridans streptococcus
74
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on Xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
75
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child w/nephrotic syndrome)
76
Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's Disease and CJD)
78
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
79
RBC casts in urine
Acute Glomerulonephritis
80
Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
81
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
82
Rhomboid crystals, positively borefringent
Pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate)
83
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
84
Ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
85
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated w/EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
86
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
87
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on Xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
88
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
89
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
90
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
91
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles EM in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
93
"Thumb sign" on lateral Xray
Epiglottitis (H.influenzae)
94
Thyroid like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
95
"Tram track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
96
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
97
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cells; affects the elderly)
98
"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
99
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
